Evidence Details for Gypc
PMID Title Journal Year Abstract
28358020 NMR-based metabolomics Reveals Alterations of Electro-acupuncture Stimulations on Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Rats. Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 30;7:45580. doi: 10.1038/srep45580. 2017 Mar 30 Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a common gastrointestinal disease which has been considered as precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma. Previously, electro-acupuncture stimulation has been shown to be effective in ameliorating symptoms of CAG. However the underlying mechanism of this beneficial treatment is yet to be established. In the present study, an integrated histopathological examination along with molecular biological assay, as well as (1)H NMR analysis of multiple biological samples (urine, serum, stomach, cortex and medulla) were employed to systematically assess the pathology of CAG and therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture stimulation at Sibai (ST 2), Liangmen (ST 21), and Zusanli (ST 36) acupoints located in the stomach meridian using a rat model of CAG. The current results showed that CAG caused comprehensive metabolic alterations including the TCA cycle, glycolysis, membrane metabolism and catabolism, gut microbiota-related metabolism. On the other hand, electro-acupuncture treatment was found able to normalize a number of CAG-induced metabolomics changes by alleviating membrane catabolism, restoring function of neurotransmitter in brain and partially reverse the CAG-induced perturbation in gut microbiota metabolism. These findings provided new insights into the biochemistry of CAG and mechanism of the therapeutic effect of electro-acupuncture stimulations."

Evidence Sentence: It was found that changes in GPC, betaine, lactate, phosphocholine (PC), taurine, myo-inositol, ethanolamine, glutamate, formate and beta-glucose (all p < 0.05) can be directly associated with CAG.
Evidence Sentence: GPC and PC, comprising the total choline, mainly contribute to membrane synthesis and catabolism (Fig.
Evidence Sentence: GPC is produced from the breakdown of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine in a 2-step reaction mediated via phospholipase A and lysophospholipase, which concomitantly leads to the formation of free fatty acids.
Evidence Sentence: There is evidence showing that the increased concentrations of both GPC and PC with malignancy are not only due to increased cell proliferation but also because of a direct oncogenic protein regulation.
Evidence Sentence: The downregulation of GPC and PC level in the present study reflects cellular membrane lesion of stomach caused by progressive CAG.
Evidence Sentence: In cortex homogenates, phosphocholine, GPC, lactate, taurine, glycine, myo-inositol, aspartate, creatine, succinate, GABA, acetylcholine and glutamate (all p < 0.05) may be related to CAG modeling.
Evidence Sentence: While in medulla homogenates, the alterations of GPC, phosphocholine, acetate, NAA, myo-inositol, taurine, betaine, leucine, alanine and glutamate (all p < 0.05) can be associated with CAG.
Evidence Sentence: The altered concentrations in PC and GPC were highlighted in the PLS-DA of stomach tissue extract indicating cellular membrane lesion of stomach.
Evidence Sentence: Besides, metabolites that play roles in the integrity of cellular membrane and tissue osmolarity as PC, GPC, myo-inositol, taurine and betaine were also regulated by electro-acupuncture treatment while metabolites related to brain energy metabolism such as creatine, lactate, alanine and leucine showed no significant improvement.