Evidence Details for Zusanli
PMID Title Journal Year Abstract
28483183 The Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation of Sympathetic Ganglions and Acupuncture Points on Distal Blood Flow. J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2017 Apr;10(2):120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.jams.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 12. 2017 Apr Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a widely-practiced method to increase blood flow in clinical practice. The best location for stimulation to achieve optimal blood flow has not yet been determined. We compared the effect of TENS application at sympathetic ganglions and acupuncture points on blood flow in the foot of healthy individuals. Seventy-five healthy individuals were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group received cutaneous electrical stimulation at the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglions. The second group received stimulation at acupuncture points. The third group received stimulation in the mid-calf area as a control group. Blood flow was recorded at time zero as baseline and every 3 minutes after baseline during stimulation, with a laser Doppler flow-meter. Individuals who received sympathetic ganglion stimulation showed significantly greater blood flow than those receiving acupuncture point stimulation or those in the control group (p<0.001). Data analysis revealed that blood flow at different times during stimulation increased significantly from time zero in each group. Therefore, the application of low-frequency TENS at the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglions was more effective in increasing peripheral blood circulation than stimulation at acupuncture points."

Evidence Sentence: The first group received supramaximal stimulation to sympathetic ganglions in T12, L1 and L2, which innervate the lower extremity. The second group received supramaximal stimulation to acupuncture points ST36, GB34 and EX-LF10 (Figure 2), which are responsible for blood flow increases.