- The advantages of acupuncture anesthesia in clinical practice
In clinical practice, acupuncture anesthesia presents a multitude of advantages, pivotal among these being Body System Protection. This technique supports the body's natural defenses, reducing the physiological stress often associated with surgical procedures. By modulating the body's response to pain, acupuncture anesthesia allows for a lower Dosage of Medication, significantly reducing the potential for drug-related side effects. Furthermore, this approach plays a crucial role in Emotion Regulation, helping patients maintain a calm and stable emotional state, which is essential for a positive surgical outcome. The impact of acupuncture on the nervous system not only aids in Pain Relief but also promotes Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Patients tend to experience faster recuperation times, attributed to the holistic nature of this method. Additionally, acupuncture anesthesia is associated with a Lower Incidence of Side Effects compared to conventional anesthetics. Its ability to modulate and balance the body's responses makes it an invaluable tool in the realm of modern medicine, offering a safer, more patient-centered approach to pain management and recovery.
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Pain Relief
- Cancer Pain
- Acupuncture anesthesia offers effective cancer pain relief, improving the quality of life for cancer patients.
- Pain Relief
- Acupuncture anesthesia provides robust pain relief, reducing the need for postoperative analgesics.
- Analgesic Effect
- Acupuncture anesthesia's analgesic effect offers profound pain relief, particularly beneficial for patients with chronic pain conditions.
- Visceral Pain
- Acupuncture anesthesia can address visceral pain, improving the surgical experience for patients.
- Neuralgia
- Acupuncture anesthesia offers relief from neuralgia, reducing pain and discomfort.
- Inflammatory Pain
- Acupuncture anesthesia's anti-inflammatory properties make it effective in managing inflammatory pain conditions.
Acupuncture anesthesia for Pain Relief-Inflammatory Pain
| PMID | Evidence | Source | Keyword | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30232847 | Mechanisms of Acupuncture for Inflammatory Pain. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2018 Aug 25;43(8):467-75. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.180196. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 32186125 | Mechanism of electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain: neural-immune-endocrine interactions. | J Tradit Chin Med. 2019 Oct;39(5):740-749. | Immunity Endocrinology Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 35916732 | A single acupuncture treatment in rodents had an analgesic effect, which was more effective in inflammatory pain than in neuropathic pain in the early phase of treatment. | Pain Med. 2023 Jan 4;24(1):11-24. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac115. | Analgesic Effect Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 35916732 | Furthermore, acupuncture treatment could effectively inhibit the activity of astrocytes and microglia in both inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain in a time-course pattern. | Pain Med. 2023 Jan 4;24(1):11-24. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac115. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 38115589 | Acupuncture improves peak oxygen levels, maximum heart rate, delayed-onset muscle soreness, pain, swelling, explosive force production, and joint mobility. | J Acupunct Meridian Stud. 2023 Dec 31;16(6):239-247. doi: 10.51507/j.jams.2023.16.6.239. | Heart Rate Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Peripheral inflammatory cells-released opioids are involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of inflammatory pain. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Studies in carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain rat models show that an intraplantar injection of naloxone or selective antagonists against μ (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-ThrNH2), δ (naltrindole), or κ (nor-Binaltorphimine) opioid receptors 1 h before electroacupuncture treatment at Zusanli (ST36, fig. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | In a recent study in the CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model, electroacupuncture significantly increased PWL and mechanical threshold assessed with von Frey filaments and significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 expression in inflamed skin. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | For instance, an intraplantar CRF antagonist also prevented electroacupuncture inhibition of inflammatory pain. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Collectively, these studies demonstrate that peripheral opioids play a central role in electroacupuncture inhibition of inflammatory pain by blocking proinflammatory cytokine release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and mononuclear cells and by acting on peripheral opioid receptors to desensitize peripheral sensory nerves (fig. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Overall, although the current studies show that opioid, cytokines, cannabinoids, CB2R, CRF, PGE2, and adenosine are involved in acupuncture/electroacupuncture analgesia, other peripheral bioactive chemicals and receptors such as serotonin, nerve growth factor, bradykinin, and transient receptor potential channels are implicated in inflammatory pain. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | In a systematic evaluation of the effect of electroacupuncture frequency, intensity, treatment duration, and pulse width in a CFA-induced inflammatory pain rat model, Dr. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Heart Rate Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Indeed, in our study, electroacupuncture combined with low-dosage morphine suppressed inflammatory pain better than either one did individually. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | report that 2 and 60 Hz electroacupuncture at GB30 and GB34 significantly increased N/OFQ and opioid-like receptors in the spinal cord in a CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Consistent with these results, studies show that an intrathecal α2a-adrenoceptor antagonist blocked 10-Hz electroacupuncture anti-hyperalgesia in a CFA-induced inflammatory pain model, while an α2b-adrenoceptor antagonist did not. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Studies also demonstrate that 10 Hz electroacupuncture inhibits thermal hyperalgesia through spinal 5-HT1AR but not 5-HT2BR, 5-HT2CR, or 5-HT3R in a CFA inflammatory pain model, and improves WBF through 5-HT2AR in a knee osteoarthritis pain model. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | As in the electroacupuncture plus morphine study, electroacupuncture with low-dosage dizocilpine maleate (MK-801; a noncompetitive NMDAR antagonist) suppressed inflammatory pain better than did either modality alone. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | In a carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain model, 2 Hz electroacupuncture at ST36 and SP6 significantly decreased mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and simultaneously inhibited carrageenan-induced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and Akt. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Spinal mechanisms of electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain have been extensively investigated with behavioral, molecular, and pharmacological approaches. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Recently, brain mechanisms of electroacupuncture analgesia have been investigated in an inflammatory pain model. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | In a carrageenan model of inflammatory pain, 4 and 60 Hz electroacupuncture alternated at ST36 and BL60 significantly inhibited thermal hyperalgesia and carrageenan-enhanced IL-1 receptor type I mRNA expression in the PAG compared to sham control. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | A CFA inflammatory pain rat model was combined with a conditioned place avoidance test to determine whether electroacupuncture inhibits pain-induced affective response. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Although mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia have been investigated at each level of the pain pathway in inflammatory pain models, acupuncture analgesia has been studied mainly at the spinal level in neuropathic pain models and shows involvement of opioids, serotonin, norepinephrine, amino acids, and glia cell/cytokines. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Clearly, μ, δ, and κ receptors are involved in 10 Hz electroacupuncture inhibition of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain; this is different from the opioid involvement in electroacupuncture inhibition of peripheral tissue injury-caused inflammatory pain, in which only μ and δ receptors participate. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Although α2-adrenoceptors and 5-HT1ARs are involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain, 5-HT3Rs play a role in electroacupuncture inhibition of neuropathic but not inflammatory pain. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | For example, in an animal study, electroacupuncture combined with a subeffective dose of morphine enhanced inflammatory pain inhibition compared to morphine. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Similarly, electroacupuncture enhanced the effects of low-dosage celecoxib on monoarthritic pain and low-dosage indomethacin on CFA-induced inflammatory pain, as well as intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to interleukin-1 receptor type I and GluA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid)/GluK (Kainate) receptor antagonists on carrageenan-induced pain. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Ten Hz electroacupuncture produces longer alleviation of inflammatory pain and more powerful inhibition of neuropathic pain than does 100 Hz electroacupuncture. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Electroacupuncture mechanisms on inflammatory pain have been extensively studied. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24322588 | Most bioactive chemicals involved in electroacupuncture inhibition of inflammatory pain are also implicated in electroacupuncture inhibition of neuropathic pain (table 1, fig. | Anesthesiology. 2014 Feb;120(2):482-503. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000101. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 24349293 | Overall, acupuncture is safe though there were few reports on local erythema with electro-acupuncture; and redness, erythema, swelling, tenderness and paraesthesia with acupressure bands. | PLoS One. 2013 Dec 13;8(12):e82474. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082474. eCollection 2013. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 29234450 | Furthermore, the animal model they used were all different; seven studies assessed the effect on healthy naïve human and animals, three used immobilization stress to decrease or increase the activity of LC before acupuncture treatment, one used L-dopa induced hyperactivated bladder model,and finally one study used CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:9785345. doi: 10.1155/2017/9785345. Epub 2017 Oct 18. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 30915143 | Naloxone, opioid receptor antagonist, β-endorphin antagonist, and corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist also have effects on electroacupuncture of acute and chronic inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Feb 24;2019:2326867. doi: 10.1155/2019/2326867. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 30915143 | Ji-Yeun Park used gene chip technology to find that there are at least 7 neuroimmunological pathways involved in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory process of acupuncture at GB34 for inflammatory pain model, and ERK activation in the skin layer which contributes to the analgesic effect. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Feb 24;2019:2326867. doi: 10.1155/2019/2326867. eCollection 2019. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31105643 | Electro-acupuncture alleviates sensory and affective inflammatory pain by acting through bioactive chemicals, including opioids, serotonin, and norepinephrine; glutamate receptors and transporters; cytokines; and signal molecules. | Front Neurol. 2019 Apr 26;10:433. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00433. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | Previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture treatment in inflammatory pain can be explained by two mechanisms of action: peripheral (endogenous opioid peptide, COX-2, serotonin, nerve growth factor, and bradykinin) and centric (spinal cord-related pathway, and central depression inhibitory system). | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Depression Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | At present, studies on the mechanism of analgesic actions of acupuncture from the angle of MAPK signal transduction mostly involve the classic complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) rats with inflammatory pain investigating the two pathways, p38MAPK and ERK. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | discussed the possibility of the involvement of p38MAPK pathway in inflammatory pain and electroacupuncture intervention and hypothesized that the initiation of p38MAPK signaling plays an important role in the production and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia and can augment intervention with electroacupuncture. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | The research group of Huazhong Agricultural University revealed the mechanism of anti-inflammation and analgesia effects of electroacupuncture and explained that electroacupuncture can inhibit both the PAG-RVM-SCDH p38MAPK level in the central nervous descending pathway and the PAG-ACB-AMY-Hb p-p38MAPK level, thereby reducing the level of hyperalgesia in rats with inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | In addition, more studies have also proven the effects of electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | confirmed that the combination of different parameters of electroacupuncture can alleviate inflammatory pain in rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | The combination of different parameters of electroacupuncture has the same analgesic effects in the early stage of inflammatory pain, while electroacupuncture of 2/100hz or 2/120hz frequency has better effects in the later stage. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 31467579 | However, the authors did not further explain the mechanism of electroacupuncture mitigating inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 32148660 | For example, in a mouse model of chronic inflammatory pain, electroacupuncture modulated the inflammatory mediators such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE). | Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Feb 13;2020:9641904. doi: 10.1155/2020/9641904. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 33553202 | Some evidence demonstrated that acupuncture could provide positive effects on pain management, reduction of swelling around the knee, early recovery range of motion (ROM), and hiccups for patients after TKA. | Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Jan 18;7:602564. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2020.602564. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 33883931 | Acupuncture has been proven to be an effective analgesic intervention in management of diverse types of pain, such as inflammatory pain, visceral pain, cancer pain, and neuropathic pain, including chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. | J Pain Res. 2021 Apr 15;14:993-1005. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S296150. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Visceral Pain Neuropathic Pain Cancer Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34054306 | According to studies on the mechanisms of moxibustion and acupuncture, these treatments relieve chronic inflammatory pain by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-β, prostaglandin E2, and cyclooxygenase-2. | J Pain Res. 2021 May 21;14:1345-1351. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S311557. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34307076 | In one experimental rodent study in which inflammatory pain was alleviated by electroacupuncture, TRPV-1 activity was reduced after electroacupuncture treatment in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus but potentiated in the PAG matter of the midbrain. | Open Vet J. 2021 Apr-Jun;11(2):203-209. doi: 10.5455/OVJ.2021.v11.i2.3. Epub 2021 Apr 15. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Role of Neuroimmune Crosstalk in Mediating the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Acupuncture on Inflammatory Pain | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | In conclusion, the regulation of neuroimmune crosstalk at the peripheral and central levels mediates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain in an integrated manner. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Of the patients receiving acupuncture treatment for pain relief, 41% have diseases involving inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Pain Relief Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Currently, the World Health Organization recommends acupuncture for the treatment of 16 inflammatory pain-related diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, frozen shoulder, and allergic rhinitis. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Evidence shows that acupuncture can be a low-cost, low-risk therapy with few and minor adverse effects and it can help in the management of diseases involving inflammatory pain and reduce reliance on analgesics, including morphine. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Adverse Reactions Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Previous studies on the mechanism via which acupuncture relieves inflammatory pain have largely focused on analgesic substances, even though the primary cause of inflammatory pain is the inflammatory response. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | In this review, we first summarize the animal models and acupuncture interventions used for mechanistic studies of acupuncture therapy for inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Accordingly, we aim to provide a basis for future studies on acupuncture and its application in the treatment of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | At this stage, 2,839 articles were excluded because they were unrelated to acupuncture and inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | The aim of the literature search was to analyze the mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | First, three authors (BD, YL, and JM) jointly created a database of the studies that examined the mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Animal Models of Inflammatory Pain Treated Using Acupuncture | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Animal Models of Inflammatory Pain Used in Mechanistic Studies of Acupuncture | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Multiple animal models have been used to study the mechanism underlying the effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Of these, the CFA-induced adjuvant arthritis model, which mimics RA pathogenesis, is the primary one used to study the mechanistic effects of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory pain owing to the simplicity of model development and the stability of acupuncture efficacy in this model. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | More importantly, CFA models share similarities with human RA in terms of chronic pain and pathological manifestations such as synovial inflammation, bone destruction, and joint dysfunction and pathological findings such as inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular proliferation, and expansion, making this model popular in studies on inflammatory pain treated by acupuncture. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Role of neuroimmune crosstalk at the acupoint in mediating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Acupuncture-Induced Inhibition of Peripheral Sensitivity in Inflammatory Pain Models | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Recently, acupuncture has also been found to alleviate inflammatory pain via neuroimmune crosstalk. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | These pieces of evidence suggest that macrophage polarization and the balance of related cytokines may be the main targets of acupuncture in its regulation of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Future studies of acupuncture treatment for inflammatory pain will be directed toward mapping the somatosensory pathways that drive distinct autonomic pathways. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Interestingly, the long-term analgesic effect of EA is antagonized by β-END and enkephalin (ENK) antagonists, but not by dynorphin A (DYN) antagonists, indicating that the β-ENDs released due to acupuncture stimulation act on μ- and δ-opioid receptors and inhibit peripheral inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | In summary, the interactions between the peripheral nervous system and immune system that underly the effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain include the following: (1) Acupuncture can induce the migration of immune cells containing analgesic substances to target organs, where they release opioid peptides, cannabinoids, and other analgesic substances to achieve analgesia by blocking peripheral sensitization. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Role of neuroimmune crosstalk at the sites of inflammation in mediating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Acupuncture-Induced Inhibition of Central Sensitivity in Inflammatory Pain Models | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Therefore, acupuncture produces an analgesic effect by preventing the activation of the ERK1/2-COX-2 pathway and ERK1/2-CREB-NK-1 pathway at different stages of inflammatory pain progression. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | These studies together show that acupuncture inhibits the communication and interaction between glial cells and neurons by reducing the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, inhibiting the ERK and JNK pathways, decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors, and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors, thereby relieving inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Taken together, these data suggest that acupuncture modulates inflammatory pain by reducing neuroglial interactions and inhibiting the expression and phosphorylation of glutamate receptors and that it promotes glutamate reuptake by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters in astrocytes. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Acupuncture can reduce inflammatory pain by activating different opioid receptors in different inflammatory pain models. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | In carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain models, the analgesic effects of acupuncture are blocked by the intrathecal administration of a μ-opioid receptor antagonist but not by that of a δ- or κ-opioid receptor antagonist. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | The injection of CB1R antagonists reverses the analgesic effects of repeated EA stimulation, indicating that the endocannabinoid system contributes to acupuncture-induced inflammatory pain reduction via the regulation of dopamine release in the striatum. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Therefore, endocannabinoid-CB1R-GABAergic/glutamatergic neurons and neurotransmitters (5-HT, dopamine, and norepinephrine) may form a novel pathway that mediates the acupuncture-induced inhibition of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Taken together, the data suggest that 5-HT mediates the effects of acupuncture against inflammatory pain through the activation of various receptor subtypes and the inhibition of glutamate receptor phosphorylation. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Role of neuroimmune crosstalk within the central nervous system in mediating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | With in-depth research on the mechanism underlying the effects of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain, we now fully appreciate the importance of neuroimmune interactions in this process. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Accordingly, the regulation of neuroimmune crosstalk at the peripheral and central levels mediates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain in an integrated manner. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Although the reviewed studies provide reliable evidence for the application of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory pain, they have some limitations. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | First, the brain mechanisms underpinning the regulation of neuroimmune interactions by acupuncture during the treatment of inflammatory pain are not as well-studied as peripheral and spinal mechanisms. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | In cases of inflammatory pain, many inflammatory mediators at the inflamed site and in the spinal cord participate in the acupuncture-regulated neuroimmune crosstalk, but whether these mediators play a similar role in the brain remains unclear. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Second, the interaction between spinal glial cells and neurons is involved in the acupuncture-mediated reduction in inflammatory pain, but microglia and astrocytes produce different mechanistic effects after acupuncture. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | However, it is not clear whether any interaction between neurotransmitters and glial cells mediates the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Most studies have only examined the protective effect of acupuncture in the initial phase of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Better models are needed to explore the effectiveness of acupuncture against chronic inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | Overall, this review of studies published over the last decade provides strong evidence for the usefulness of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34408622 | The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of inflammatory pain will open a variety of opportunities for further applications of acupuncture and a combination of acupuncture and drugs for treating, managing, and controlling inflammation and pain. | Front Neurosci. 2021 Aug 2;15:695670. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.695670. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 34992414 | The endocannabinoid system is involved in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture targeting acute inflammatory pain. | J Inflamm Res. 2021 Dec 21;14:7191-7224. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S341581. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 35600949 | Acupuncture and moxibustion have the functions of dredging meridians, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, warming meridians, warming and dispersing cold evil, eliminating swelling and knot, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 May 13;2022:5814048. doi: 10.1155/2022/5814048. eCollection 2022. | Circulation Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 35725779 | Acupuncture has been used in managing various symptoms and diseases such as anxiety, depression, low back pain, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer symptoms. | Blood Rev. 2022 Nov;56:100985. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100985. Epub 2022 Jun 13. | Anxiety Depression Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 36230606 | In the study by Bauml, acupuncture needle site reaction with discomfort, minor swelling, and bruising after acupuncture needle withdrawal was reported. | Cancers (Basel). 2022 Sep 26;14(19):4683. doi: 10.3390/cancers14194683. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 36230606 | Acupuncture was associated with needle pain, tingling and numbness, subcutaneous hemorrhage, bruising, and mild swelling. | Cancers (Basel). 2022 Sep 26;14(19):4683. doi: 10.3390/cancers14194683. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 36408345 | A prior study has shown that electroacupuncture relieves emotional pain in an animal model of inflammatory pain involving the anterior cortical opioid peptide system. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Nov 10;2022:3759181. doi: 10.1155/2022/3759181. eCollection 2022. | Mood Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 36950556 | As to acupuncture analgesia, inflammatory pain animal models actually reported that many bioactive chemicals (such as β-endorphins, IL-1β, dynorphines, substance P) were involved in acupuncture inhibition of cancer pain. | Front Oncol. 2023 Mar 6;13:1077961. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1077961. eCollection 2023. | Cancer Pain Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37038228 | A total of 233 SRs reported tissue or organ injury caused by acupuncture, mainly including pain (11.79%, 144 SRs), bleeding or bruising (9.83%, 120 SRs), haematoma (5.73%, 70 SRs), headache (2.21%, 27 SRs), pruritus (1.88%, 23 SRs), erythema (1.56%, 19 SRs), neuromuscular disease (1.31%, 16 SRs), aggravation of symptoms (1.15%, 14 SRs), skin allergy reaction (1.15%, 14 SRs), minor swelling (1.06%, 13 SRs), numbness (1.06%, 13 SRs), induration (0.90%, 11 SRs), palpitations (0.82%, 10 SRs), menoxenia (0.41%, 5 SRs), mild edema (0.25%, 3 SRs), blisters (0.25%, 3 SRs), and motor disorders (0.16%, 2 SRs). | Chin Med. 2023 Apr 10;18(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00743-7. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37038228 | It was evident that improper acupuncture operation could lead to local chronic pain, chronic swelling pain, and other adverse reactions. | Chin Med. 2023 Apr 10;18(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00743-7. | Adverse Reactions Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37038228 | Heamatoma, a swelling and pain caused by bleeding under the skin at the acupuncture site, was reported in 70 studies. | Chin Med. 2023 Apr 10;18(1):38. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00743-7. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37383912 | In addition, Dangguixu-san, an herbal extract widely used to treat pain and swelling from ankle sprains, combined with acupuncture and moxibustion was used as an additional treatment for acute grades I and II ligament sprains. | World J Clin Cases. 2023 May 26;11(15):3395-3407. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3395. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37397275 | Acupuncture has obvious anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on various diseases, which could regulate inflammatory cytokines and immune function and treat inflammatory pain with significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. | J Pain Res. 2023 Jun 27;16:2189-2204. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S415998. eCollection 2023. | Analgesic Effect Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | In this review, we collected relevant recent studies to systematically explain the mechanisms of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain, with a view to providing direction for future applications of acupuncture in inflammatory pain and promoting clinical development. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Due to its good analgesic effects and minimal side effects, acupuncture is a viable option for treatment of inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Analgesic Effect Side Effects Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | The WHO reports that acupuncture is recommended for treatment of 77 diseases, 16 of which are associated with inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | In studies on effects and mechanisms of acupuncture on inflammatory pain, various animal models have been used.The mechanism of acupuncture analgesia has been gradually discovered and confirmed. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | First, we summarized the effects of acupuncture parameters on analgesia in inflammatory pain models. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Based on this review, the roles and mechanisms of acupuncture in anti-inflammation can be further explored to provide a new direction for clinical acupuncture applications in inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Therefore, the stimulation frequency of acupuncture is particularly important for its analgesic effects, and there is an optimal frequency preference for different inflammatory pain models. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | For instance, in CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain, 100Â Hz electroacupuncture and high-frequency acupuncture have the best analgesic effects, while in acute gout arthritis and muscle inflammatory pain, 2/100Â Hz electroacupuncture can achieve better effects. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | The peripheral mechanisms of acupuncture in treating inflammatory inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Acupuncture also plays an important role in plasticity of neurons for inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Electroacupuncture relieves inflammatory pain by increasing adenosine levels and activating adenosine receptors. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | This proves that electroacupuncture relieves inflammatory pain by increasing adenosine levels at inflammatory sites and inhibiting SP secretion. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | In inflammatory pain, acupuncture affects the NLRP3 inflammasome via CB2Rs to achieve the therapeutic effects. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Only CXCL1 was found to be markedly elevated at multiple time points as acupuncture effectively alleviated inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | They further investigated the role of CXCL1 in EA analgesia and revealed that serum CXCL1 has analgesic effects and may be a key anti-nociceptive medium in acupuncture-mediated treatment of inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | The relieving effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain is not a function of certain immune cells but involves interactions between various immune cells. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | The central mechanisms of acupuncture in treating inflammatory inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Electroacupuncture therapy increasing the abundance of GRK2 neuron to restore GRK2 expressions, then inhibiting microglial activation and suppressing neuroinflammation in the spinal cord, thereby promoting inflammatory pain relief. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Pain Relief Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Recent studies have majorly focused on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), therefore, we elucidated on the significance of p38MAPK in acupuncture treatment of inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Glutamate receptors are widely distributed in neurons and are indispensable in regulation of inflammatory pain during acupuncture. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | In addition, acupuncture inhibited the PKCzeta/PKMzeta-GluR1 pathway in ACC and up-regulated the NMDAR pathway in PFC, hippocampus and hypothalamus, relieving inflammatory pain-related adverse emotions. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Mood Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Acupuncture can also treat inflammatory pain by inhibiting microglial activation and TLR2 expressions in the central nervous system. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | In this review, we summarized recent evidence on mechanisms of acupuncture in treatment of inflammatory pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain are complex processes involving multi-levels, multi-channels and multi-targets. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | New technologies such as genetics and proteomics have also been used for related research, which may reveal the mechanism of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain from a deeper place. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | Although the mechanism of acupuncture in treating inflammatory pain has been studied to some extent, there are still some deficiencies. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37678839 | First, acupuncture treatment often targets ST36 acupoints in inflammatory pain, with other acupoints such as BL60, SP6, and GB34 also selected for experimentation. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069231202882. doi: 10.1177/17448069231202882. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37904453 | Moreover, it gradually produces soreness and a swelling sensation, similar to the feeling of traditional filiform needle acupuncture and plays a therapeutic role. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 27;102(43):e35759. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035759. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 37941605 | First, the reduction of inflammatory pain by acupuncture may be related to the interaction between glial cells and neurons in the spinal cord, but the mechanisms of action of microglia and astrocytes after acupuncture are different. | Front Cell Neurosci. 2023 Oct 24;17:1253438. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253438. eCollection 2023. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 38215134 | Various inflammatory stimuli in RA state inhibit the activity of central ADORA1 receptors, while electroacupuncture treatment can significantly improve this situation and promote the combination of endogenous adenosine or adenosine A1 receptor agonists with this receptor to mediate the information transmission of inflammatory pain, thus effectively playing an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan 12;103(2):e36875. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036875. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 38215134 | Yang F et al found that the foot swelling of AA rats was reduced after manual acupuncture of ST36, the levels of TNF-α protein and other pro-inflammatory factors in the ankle joint were down-regulated, and the cellular immune network in the inflammatory site was enhanced (the cell network density was 230.00 on the first day of acupuncture; Cellular network densities at days 7 and 15 were 40.82 and 86.76, respectively), demonstrating that acupuncture can increase the strength of immune effects on target organs, and at the same time promote the differentiation of macrophages in the joint site to the M2 phenotype, and secrete cytokines that inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan 12;103(2):e36875. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036875. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 38215134 | Acupuncture and moxibustion can significantly enhance the activity of ADORA1 receptors, inhibit the information transmission of inflammatory pain, and play an analgesic and anti-inflammatory role. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Jan 12;103(2):e36875. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036875. | Inflammatory Pain | Review |
| 36034956 | At present, surgery is an important way to restore the integrity and stability of the meniscus, which can effectively reduce the symptoms of pain, swelling, and joint locking. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Aug 17;2022:3130956. doi: 10.1155/2022/3130956. eCollection 2022. | Inflammatory Pain | Clinic |
| 36098938 | Patients that met the following exclusion criteria were not selected: (1) central nervous system and mental diseases; (2) history of an allergic reaction to local anesthetics; (3) swelling, infection, or ulceration at the site of TEAS. | Pain Ther. 2022 Dec;11(4):1327-1339. doi: 10.1007/s40122-022-00429-2. Epub 2022 Sep 13. | Inflammatory Pain | Clinic |
| 36098938 | We have strictly enforced the exclusion of patients with swelling, infection, or ulceration at the site of TEAS, and the stimulation intensity is also chosen to be the most suitable for the patients and to achieve the optimal therapeutic effect, minimizing the occurrence of complications. | Pain Ther. 2022 Dec;11(4):1327-1339. doi: 10.1007/s40122-022-00429-2. Epub 2022 Sep 13. | Inflammatory Pain | Clinic |
| 17005164 | N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor on the central terminals of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) appears to be playing an important role in the development of central sensitization related to persistent inflammatory pain. | Brain Res. 2006 Nov 20;1120(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.077. Epub 2006 Sep 26. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 17005164 | Acupuncture analgesia has been confirmed by numerous clinical observations and experimental studies to be a useful treatment to release different kinds of pains, including inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. | Brain Res. 2006 Nov 20;1120(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.077. Epub 2006 Sep 26. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 17005164 | In the present study, using a rat model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), we observed the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on animal behavior with regard to pain and the expression of a subunit of NMDA receptor (NR1) and isolectin B4 (IB4) in the neurons of the lumbar DRG. | Brain Res. 2006 Nov 20;1120(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.077. Epub 2006 Sep 26. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 17005164 | These results suggest that EA affects the progress of experimental inflammatory pain by modulating the expression of NMDA receptors in primary sensory neurons, in particular, IB4-positive small neurons. | Brain Res. 2006 Nov 20;1120(1):46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.077. Epub 2006 Sep 26. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21680256 | Here, the involvement of spinal neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in EA's analgesic effects on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain was examined. | J Pain. 2011 Sep;12(9):974-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Jun 15. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21680256 | These results suggested that endogenous NT-3 may be involved in the analgesic effect of EA on inflammatory pain in rats, mediated through the inhibition of spinal glial activity as well as proinflammatory cytokine production. | J Pain. 2011 Sep;12(9):974-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2011.03.002. Epub 2011 Jun 15. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16490194 | Electroacupuncture is well known to relieve persistent inflammatory pain. | Exp Neurol. 2006 Apr;198(2):294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.11.011. Epub 2006 Feb 20. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16490194 | These results suggested that electroacupuncture and disrupting glial function could synergistically antagonize inflammatory pain, which might provide a potential strategy for the treatment of arthritic pain. | Exp Neurol. 2006 Apr;198(2):294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.11.011. Epub 2006 Feb 20. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 15312783 | We previously reported the anti-hyperalgesia of electroacupuncture (EA) on persistent inflammatory pain in an unrestrained, unsedated, and conscious rat model. | Brain Res. 2004 Sep 10;1020(1-2):18-29. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.092. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 15312783 | The results suggest that the EA anti-hyperalgesia is parameter-dependent and point-specific, and they provide important information for designing further clinical acupuncture research on persistent inflammatory pain. | Brain Res. 2004 Sep 10;1020(1-2):18-29. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.01.092. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16457792 | Antinociceptive effect and the mechanism of bee venom acupuncture (Apipuncture) on inflammatory pain in the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis: Mediation by alpha2-Adrenoceptors. | Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16;1073-1074:305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.086. Epub 2006 Feb 2. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16457792 | The antinociceptive effect and the mechanism of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) on inflammatory pain, especially in the rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), have not yet been fully studied. | Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16;1073-1074:305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.086. Epub 2006 Feb 2. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16457792 | After induction of arthritis, the inflammatory pain threshold decreased as time passed, and there was no big change of the pain threshold after 3 weeks. | Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16;1073-1074:305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.086. Epub 2006 Feb 2. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16457792 | These results suggest that BVA can relieve inflammatory pain in CIA and the antinociceptive effect of BVA can be mediated by alpha2-adrenergic receptor. | Brain Res. 2006 Feb 16;1073-1074:305-10. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.086. Epub 2006 Feb 2. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 12406517 | The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. | Pain. 2002 Oct;99(3):423-431. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00164-1. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 11210429 | The results indicated that the obvious cerebral infarction and swelling were observed after ischemia-reperfusion, and the opening amount of cerebral blood micrangium was increased. | Neurol Res. 2001 Jan;23(1):47-50. doi: 10.1179/016164101101198271. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20130880 | Contralateral electroacupuncture pretreatment suppresses carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain via the opioid-mu receptor. | Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jun;31(6):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1364-y. Epub 2010 Feb 4. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20130880 | To investigate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain, we studied on the effect of EA parameters on an animal model of acute arthritic pain. | Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jun;31(6):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1364-y. Epub 2010 Feb 4. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20130880 | To determine how ST36 EA treatment suppresses carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain, we examined the effect of a mu opioid receptor antagonist on ST36 EA-induced analgesia. | Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jun;31(6):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1364-y. Epub 2010 Feb 4. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20130880 | These results suggested that the analgesic effect mediated by the mu OR during low-frequency contralateral EA pretreatment has an anti-nociceptive action against inflammatory pain and that it may provide a potential strategy to treat inflammatory arthritic pain. | Rheumatol Int. 2011 Jun;31(6):725-30. doi: 10.1007/s00296-010-1364-y. Epub 2010 Feb 4. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 19409856 | In this report, we determined the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the level of anandamide in the skin tissue and the role of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in the analgesic effect of EA in an animal model of inflammatory pain. | J Pain. 2009 Jul;10(7):732-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.012. Epub 2009 May 5. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 19409856 | Inflammatory pain was induced by local injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paw of rats. | J Pain. 2009 Jul;10(7):732-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.012. Epub 2009 May 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 19409856 | Activation of peripheral CB2 receptors contributes to the analgesic effect of EA on inflammatory pain. | J Pain. 2009 Jul;10(7):732-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.012. Epub 2009 May 5. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 19409856 | PERSPECTIVE: This study shows that electroacupuncture increases the anandamide level in inflammatory skin tissues, and CB2 receptors contribute to the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture in a rat model of inflammatory pain. | J Pain. 2009 Jul;10(7):732-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.12.012. Epub 2009 May 5. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 18524513 | TGF61538; (0.1 to 2 61549;g/animal) and DAA (5-100 61549;g/kg animal) were initiated 1 day before an arthritogenic dose of streptococcal cell wall fragments to see the effects on the joint swelling and distortion during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. | J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jul 23;118(2):280-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 Apr 15. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 18524513 | TGF61538; and DAA eliminated the joint swelling and distortion observed during the acute phase and the chronic phase of the disease. | J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jul 23;118(2):280-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.010. Epub 2008 Apr 15. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16356296 | Analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain in mice: a model of antipain treatment by acupuncture in mice. | Jpn J Physiol. 2005 Dec;55(6):339-44. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.RP001505. Epub 2005 Dec 17. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16356296 | The therapeutic effect of EA on inflammatory pain induced by an ipsilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the right paw of the mouse was investigated in this study. | Jpn J Physiol. 2005 Dec;55(6):339-44. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.RP001505. Epub 2005 Dec 17. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 16356296 | These results demonstrate that the CFA-induced inflammatory pain in mice is an ideal model system for the investigation of EA effects and may serve as a valuable reference for the clinical treatment of inflammatory pain in human beings. | Jpn J Physiol. 2005 Dec;55(6):339-44. doi: 10.2170/jjphysiol.RP001505. Epub 2005 Dec 17. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29404871 | EA treatment relieved ear swelling and reduced mast cell infiltration in the local inflammation area with DNFB challenge, accompanying the decrement of IL-33 production. | Inflammation. 2018 Jun;41(3):859-869. doi: 10.1007/s10753-018-0740-8. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27574922 | MEASURES AND OUTCOMES: Arthritis index and paw swelling were measured every week. | Am J Ther. 2018 May/Jun;25(3):e314-e319. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000477. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27574922 | RESULTS: Paw swelling of rats injected with Freund complete adjuvant was more serious than that of the normal rats, which illustrated the successful establishment of adjuvant arthritis rat model. | Am J Ther. 2018 May/Jun;25(3):e314-e319. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000477. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27574922 | After treatment for 14 days, the paw swelling and joint symptoms score decreased, paw tissue inflammation eased in the rats of treatment group compared with the model group during the same period. | Am J Ther. 2018 May/Jun;25(3):e314-e319. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000477. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27966183 | Our data showed EA treatment at acupoint ST36 relieved the pathological progression of DTH responses via reduction in footpad swelling, infiltration of inflammatory cells, levels of IgG and IgE as well as decreased production of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in homogenized footpad tissue. | Inflammation. 2017 Apr;40(2):422-434. doi: 10.1007/s10753-016-0487-z. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36484920 | The results from electron microscopy demonstrated that BAJP pretreatment improved mitochondrial swelling and increased the autophagosome number in the myocardium of AHH rats. | Chin J Integr Med. 2023 Feb;29(2):170-178. doi: 10.1007/s11655-022-3626-4. Epub 2022 Dec 9. | Myocardium Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | The evaluation instruments were edematous swelling of the paw, pain behavioral assessments, histology, and immunohistochemistry. | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | Pain withdrawal threshold and swelling assessments were examined at timepoints of Pre-CFA, Pre-treatment and Post-treatment. | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | Edematous swelling and pain threshold assessments | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | The extent of peripheral swelling was assessed by measuring the circumference of the paw at the vehicle- and CFA-injected sites with a flexible tape. | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | All assessments including paw withdrawal and swelling measurements were performed with the assessor blinded with respect to treatment. | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30883553 | Previous studies reported LA stimulating the acupoints ST36 (Zu San Li) and TH5 (Waiguan) was effective in reducing edema and acute inflammatory pain in AIA rats and spontaneous pain and thermal hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain rats. | PLoS One. 2019 Mar 18;14(3):e0211341. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211341. eCollection 2019. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34564665 | After 24 h, as the swelling subsided, the movement of the experimental animal became more active, and it was confirmed that mechanical allodynia was recovered in the same way as in the normal side (data not shown). | Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 16;13(9):661. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090661. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34564665 | A gouty model was successfully created through intra-articular injection into the tibiotarsal joint, and the evaluation timeline of this study was derived from our preliminary study on changes in edema and mechanical allodynia for 24 h. According to previous studies, the gouty model showed various patterns of swelling and pain according to the number and dose of MSU injections. | Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 16;13(9):661. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090661. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24828425 | BBB disruption, tissue inflammation, and MMP/AQP upregulation jointly provoke brain edema/swelling after CIRI, while acupuncture and electroacupuncture can alleviate CIRI symptoms. | PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24828425 | Yet another study reported two peaks of brain swelling following CIRI, coinciding with two peaks of AQP4 expression in both the infarct and the peri-infarct area. | PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33645011 | 12 In the current study, we observed reduced mitochondrial mass and injured mitochondria with fractured cristae and vacuolar swelling. | J Cell Mol Med. 2021 Apr;25(8):3816-3828. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16295. Epub 2021 Mar 1. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24722278 | In the control group and CEA group, myocardial cells and fibers showed integrate structure without inflammatory cell infiltration and swelling. | PLoS One. 2014 Apr 10;9(4):e94604. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094604. eCollection 2014. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25481535 | Several animal studies have demonstrated that the analgesic effects of BVA are mediated mainly by activation of α2-adrenergic and/or serotonergic receptors in various pain models, such as nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, acetic acid-induced visceral pain and inflammatory pain. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 6;14:471. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-471. | Analgesic Effect Visceral Pain Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | Many experimental studies have demonstrated that injecting DBV into the Joksamli (ST36) acupuncture point produces a robust anti-nociceptive effect in various pain animal models, such as the writhing test, the formalin test, the carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain test and arthritis models. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | found that high-frequency electro-acupuncture treatment twice a week for four weeks produced a significant reduction in mechanical hyperalgesia by the third and fourth weeks of treatment, whereas it caused no effect on thermal hyperalgesia in a chronic inflammatory pain model of rats. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | Human responses to BV include small edema, redness, extensive local swelling, anaphylaxis, systemic toxic reaction and pain. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Toxic Side Effects Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | Recently, several studies demonstrated the involvement of glia activation in chronic pain conditions, including inflammatory pain, peripheral and central neuropathic pain. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25158599 | Experimental studies have shown that acupuncture intervention effectively relieves chronic neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain in rats. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Aug 26;14:316. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-316. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36422883 | In detail, the swelling and vacuole of mitochondria improved obviously, the number of autophagosomes reduced, and the boundary of the nuclear and cellular membrane was more distinct. | CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023 Jan;29(1):458-470. doi: 10.1111/cns.14018. Epub 2022 Nov 24. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24612851 | Third, agonist of the channels were injected into ST36 and tested in a mouse inflammatory pain model to seek if agonist injection could replicate acupuncture-like analgesic effect. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 11;14:96. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24612851 | Inflammatory pain model and behavioral tests | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 11;14:96. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24612851 | Manual acupuncture (MA) at ST36 yielded an analgesic effect in mouse CFA inflammatory pain model. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 11;14:96. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24612851 | This was achieved by injecting 10 μL of agonist into ST36 and testing in the mouse CFA inflammatory pain model. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 11;14:96. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24612851 | Our group previously reported that TRPV1, TRPV4, and ASIC3 are upregulated in DRGs after inflammatory pain but attenuated after electroacupuncture. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Mar 11;14:96. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-96. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | Mechanical allodynia pain and joint swelling were reduced in KOA rats after EA treatment. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of regulated cell death that relies on cytosolic inflammasome activation, which is dependent on inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation and results in the formation of plasma membrane pores due to Gasdermin D (GSDMD) insertion, leading to the release of intracellular proteins, ion decompensation, water influx and cell swelling. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | Measurement of knee joint swelling | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | EA reduces mechanical nociceptive pain and joint swelling in KOA rats | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | EA reduces mechanical nociceptive pain and joint swelling in KOA rats. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | Effect of EA on alleviating mechanical allodynia and improving the joint swelling degree in KOA rats. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | (C) Degree of joint swelling. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | First, we observed the knee joints directly, as shown in Figure 2(A), the knee joints showed no redness and swelling, normal flexion and extension functions, transparent light white articular cartilage, and neat joint edges with no deformation in the control group. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | In contrast, in the KOA group, there was obvious redness and swelling of the knee joint, swelling and deformation, and the synovial tissue was congested and thickened. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | Besides, we found that the swollen diameter of the joints in the KOA group could reach nearly 10Â mm compared to the control group by measuring the joint diameter of the rats, while the treatment with EA significantly alleviated the swelling of the joints of the rats in the KOA group, almost reaching the normal level (Figure 2(C)). | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | The above results show that EA treatment can relieve pain and reduce joint swelling. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | In the present study, EA reduced mechanical allodynia and the degree of joint swelling in KOA rats, suggesting that EA has an analgesic effect and improves functional mobility impairment. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36510338 | The two acupoints, one inside and one outside, one water and one earth, are mutually restraining, mutually promoting, and mutually transforming, together playing the role of clearing heat and relieving dampness, soothing tendons, activating channels, and relieving swelling and pain. | Mol Pain. 2023 Jan-Dec;19:17448069221147792. doi: 10.1177/17448069221147792. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26792101 | The mitochondria had a substantial loss of matrix density, swelling and cristae disruption, and the number of lysosomes significantly decreased. | Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 21;6:19714. doi: 10.1038/srep19714. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29981376 | Results from preclinical studies of neuropathic and inflammatory pain disorders suggest that the analgesic effects of acupuncture are due, in large part, to reducing the activity of glial cells involved in neuroinflammation. | J Pain. 2018 Dec;19(12):1384.e1-1384.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 Jul 4. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29981376 | In pre-clinical studies, stimulation of ST36 suppresses neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel, oxaliplatin, inferior caudal trunk injury, and spinal nerve ligation, as well as inflammatory pain induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant, collagenase, and carrageenan, and visceral pain induced by acetic acid. | J Pain. 2018 Dec;19(12):1384.e1-1384.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 Jul 4. | Visceral Pain Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29981376 | The ability of acupuncture to regulate p38 and glial activity in our animal model of COPCs is consistent with findings from studies of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. | J Pain. 2018 Dec;19(12):1384.e1-1384.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 Jul 4. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29981376 | Studies of patients with painful inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and prostatitis have also demonstrated that the analgesic effects of acupuncture are associated with reduced plasma levels of TNFα and other pro-inflammatory cytokines following treatment. | J Pain. 2018 Dec;19(12):1384.e1-1384.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.05.013. Epub 2018 Jul 4. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | Since we previously demonstrated that μ and δ but not κ opioid receptors affect EA anti-hyperalgesia in an inflammatory pain model, these data show that EA inhibits pain through different opioid receptors under varying conditions. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | We hypothesized that spinal opioid receptors are involved differently in EA action on paclitaxel-evoked peripheral neuropathy than in inflammatory pain and traumatic nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | In contrast, our previous study demonstrated that μ and δ but not κ opioid receptors are involved in EA anti-hyperalgesia in a CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | It has also been demonstrated that μ and δ but not κ receptors were involved in EA anti-hyperalgesia in a capsaicin-induced inflammatory pain model and that EA also inhibited pain through the μ and δ receptors in a caudal trunk injury-induced neuropathic pain model. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29034548 | Our previous study demonstrated that spinal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 1A receptors are involved in EA inhibition of inflammatory pain. | Eur J Pain. 2018 Apr;22(4):679-690. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1132. Epub 2017 Oct 16. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21695393 | Studies have demonstrated that low dosage aspirin attenuates escape/avoidance behavior in a rodent model of inflammatory pain. | Neurochem Res. 2011 Nov;36(11):2104-10. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0534-y. Epub 2011 Jun 22. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21695393 | For instance, EA has produced significant recovery in stepping force in an ankle sprain pain model and significant increase in hind paw withdrawal latency (PWL) in inflammatory pain animal models. | Neurochem Res. 2011 Nov;36(11):2104-10. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0534-y. Epub 2011 Jun 22. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21695393 | These data demonstrate that affective response is a common phenomenon in inflammatory pain animal models and may be assessed with the CPA paradigm. | Neurochem Res. 2011 Nov;36(11):2104-10. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0534-y. Epub 2011 Jun 22. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21695393 | Further, since EA completely eliminates the affective response but only partially alleviates the sensory component of pain in the CFA-inflammatory pain rat model, we believe that the affective component of pain is more sensitive to EA treatment than is the sensory component. | Neurochem Res. 2011 Nov;36(11):2104-10. doi: 10.1007/s11064-011-0534-y. Epub 2011 Jun 22. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22524543 | Likewise, we found that intrathecal injection of a secretory version of human PAP (hPAP) had long-lasting (3 days), A1R-dependent antinociceptive effects in pre-clinical models of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. | Mol Pain. 2012 Apr 23;8:28. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-28. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22524543 | We next evaluated whether PAPupuncture could block hypersensitivity associated with inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. | Mol Pain. 2012 Apr 23;8:28. doi: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-28. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33398365 | The SNL rat model can induce both NP and inflammatory pain. | Mol Med Rep. 2021 Mar;23(3):175. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11814. Epub 2021 Jan 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30662282 | This hypothesis is supported by a recently published study that investigated the potential role of pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) in neuropathic pain, which demonstrated that inhibition of PKM2 expression effectively reduced neuropathic pain and inflammatory responses in a rat model by regulating the ERK) and STAT3 signaling pathways. | J Pain Res. 2019 Jan 7;12:283-298. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S185916. eCollection 2019. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36536227 | Generally, placing needles in acupuncture points is thought to not only enhance blood circulation but also stimulate the nervous systems and increase the release of anti-inflammatory and pain substances. | Vet Res Commun. 2023 Jun;47(2):879-884. doi: 10.1007/s11259-022-10051-4. Epub 2022 Dec 19. | Circulation Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206406 | Luo et al revealed that electroacupuncture could reduce astrocyte swelling in the ischemic zone of focal cerebral ischemia rats, and play a protective role for neurons through promoting neuronal recovery and restraining excessive proliferation after cerebral ischemia. | Neural Regen Res. 2013 Apr 25;8(12):1122-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.007. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206406 | These variables contribute to adjusting astrocyte proliferation, reducing astrocyte swelling and neuronal degeneration at the ischemic area, and preserve synaptic structural integrity. | Neural Regen Res. 2013 Apr 25;8(12):1122-31. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.12.007. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Studies have investigated on the synergistic effect of ammonia and inflammation on astrocyte swelling and brain edema by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage with the involvement of other factors. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Elevated osmotic pressure in the brain leads to swelling of neurons, causing brain edema and further cognitive dysfunction. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Cognitive Function Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Meanwhile, active transport of substances to the brain could lead to swelling of astrocytes and inflammatory reactions in the brain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Increased osmotic pressure in the brain leads to swelling of neuronal cells, causing brain edema, which synergistically promotes the development of HE. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Activation of p38 and JNKMAPKs in astrocytes may lead to astrocyte swelling that affects glutamate uptake. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | It has been previously reported that activation of TLR4 initiates the NF-κB pathway as it stimulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which finally contributes to astrocyte swelling in HE. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34646326 | Acupuncture can significantly ameliorate inflammatory pain in acute visceral hyperalgesia. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 4;2021:5561999. doi: 10.1155/2021/5561999. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34646326 | Hyperalgesia is induced by inflammatory and postinflammatory mediators that activate TRPV1, suggesting that TRPV1 plays a role in inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 4;2021:5561999. doi: 10.1155/2021/5561999. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34646326 | TRPV1 is regulated by many factors, and its potential mechanism for alleviating inflammatory pain is complex. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 4;2021:5561999. doi: 10.1155/2021/5561999. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34675986 | revealed that in a standard rat model of inflammatory pain following carrageenan injection into the hind paw, the subsequent capsaicin injection into the forepaw as a noxious stimulus had induced antinociception. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 12;2021:5528780. doi: 10.1155/2021/5528780. eCollection 2021. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | These results suggest that electroacupuncture at BL60 acupoint may be effective in relieving inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | reported that bilateral EA treatment at both BL60 and ST36 acupoints was effective in alleviating inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | However, there have been no reports that electroacupuncture at BL60 by itself has an analgesic effect on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | Inflammatory pain is known to cause abnormality in the nervous system, thereby causing consistent pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | Formalin has been widely used in experiments with animal models of inflammatory pain because of several strong points: (1) it induces behaviors that can be easily observable; (2) the responses to the moderate and continuous pain can be measured; (3) anesthesia is not necessary, so that the behaviors of freely moving animals can be observed. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | The present study was performed to determine if electroacupuncture at the BL60 acupoint would alleviate nociceptive pain in the early phase and inflammatory pain in the late phase of responses to formalin injection. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | Of inflammatory pain models, a formalin model was used in the present study in order to compare distinct biphasic nociceptive behavioral responses at both early and late phases after formalin injection. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | It was reported that this intensity of electroacupuncture stimulation has a therapeutic effect in inflammatory pain models. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | In relation to these studies, our study suggests that electroacupuncture stimulation at BL60 acupoint may be effective in relieving persistent inflammatory pain rather than in relieving acute pain produced by immediate activation of nociceptors in formalin test models. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | Therefore, our study may be the first to show the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture at BL60 acupoint in inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | The effects of electroacupuncture treatment at the BL60 acupoint (BL60) were examined in experimental animals with inflammatory pain induced by formalin. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 22550540 | Judging from the fact that there was suppression of flinching behavior responses and of c-Fos expression upon the treatment of electroacupuncture therein, the treatment of electroacupuncture at BL60 acupoint is very effective in alleviation of inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:324039. doi: 10.1155/2012/324039. Epub 2012 Apr 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30872987 | reported that the destruction of collagen fibers with type I collagenase at ST36 acupoints inhibited the effects of acupuncture on inflammatory pain in rats (Yu et al.,). | Front Neurosci. 2019 Feb 20;13:110. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00110. eCollection 2019. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36819511 | Additionally, the mitochondria of rats treated with acupuncture showed reduced mitochondrial swelling, disrupted cristae, and vacuole formation, although the disappearance of mitochondria remained unresolved. | Ann Transl Med. 2023 Jan 31;11(2):47. doi: 10.21037/atm-22-6082. Epub 2023 Jan 13. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 37143500 | The von Frey filament quantifies the degree of pain, to ensure objectivity, and is used as an index to measure the degree of secondary hyperalgesia accompanying neuropathic or inflammatory pain. | Front Vet Sci. 2023 Apr 18;10:1153903. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153903. eCollection 2023. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | These results suggest that acupuncture especially at the BL60 acupoint is more effective in relieving inflammatory pain than other acupoints. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | Acupuncture has also been suggested to be effective in relieving inflammatory pain. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | A variety of chemical irritants, such as formalin, carrageenan, and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), has been widely used in inflammatory pain studies. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | Previous studies have focused on the effect of electroacupuncture on inflammatory pain induced by irritant chemicals such as carrageenan, CFA, and formalin. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | For example, electro-acupuncture at the HE7, PE7, and ST36 acupoints is effective in inflammatory pain analgesia, and c-Fos expression is decreased by the electro-acupuncture at the SP6 acupoint. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | In contrast, pain behaviors evoked from formalin after acupuncture stimulation have no significant decrease in licking behaviors, These results imply that the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia against formalin-evoked inflammatory pain may be originated in the spinal cord and ascend to the supra-spinal area. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | These results suggest that acupuncture analgesia against inflammatory pain induced by formalin was related to behavioral responses in the late phase rather than the early phase. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 24757373 | These results suggest that the acupuncture stimulation at BL60 may be more effective in relieving inflammatory pain compared to the acupuncture at ST36 or SP9 acupoint. | Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014 Apr;18(2):121-7. doi: 10.4196/kjpp.2014.18.2.121. Epub 2014 Apr 3. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30510442 | In our previous studies, we found that endogenous cannabinoids and peripheral CB2 receptor are involved in the antinociceptive effect of EA on acute inflammatory pain. | J Pain Res. 2018 Nov 8;11:2797-2808. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S171664. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30510442 | Moreover, other studies also found that activated peripheral CB2 receptor reduces inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. | J Pain Res. 2018 Nov 8;11:2797-2808. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S171664. eCollection 2018. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30510442 | Furthermore, we have shown that EA inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-a through the CB2 receptor in inflammatory skin tissues, thus attenuating acute inflammatory pain. | J Pain Res. 2018 Nov 8;11:2797-2808. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S171664. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30510442 | In addition, previous studies showed that the activated peripheral CB2 receptor can reduce inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. | J Pain Res. 2018 Nov 8;11:2797-2808. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S171664. eCollection 2018. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33478541 | The incisions healed well after the operation, without obvious swelling and bleeding, infection, or death. | J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Jan 21;16(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02220-z. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 34757591 | In contrast, HFD-STZ-induced diabetic rats showed moderate damage and swelling of pancreatic β cells (Fig. | Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Jan;59(1):703-716. doi: 10.1007/s12035-021-02609-1. Epub 2021 Nov 10. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35416841 | Lastly, the adenosine A1 receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine was intrathecally injected into the lumbar swelling of the rats, and the mechanical withdrawal and thermal pain thresholds were reevaluated. | Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2022 Mar;80(3):289-295. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2021-0149. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | As shown in Figure 4F, swelling of mitochondria and severe vacuolar degeneration of cells were observed. | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | Microscopic examination of hippocampal neurons showed mild vacuolar degeneration and swelling of mitochondria in cells (Figure 4I). | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | Microscopic examination of hippocampal neurons showed severe vacuolar degeneration and swelling of mitochondria (Figure 4L). | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | Swelling of mitochondria and severe vacuolar degeneration in cells were observed. | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | Microscopic examination of hippocampus neurons showed mild vacuolar degeneration and swelling of mitochondria in cells. | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | Microscopic examination of hippocampus neuron showed moderately severe vacuolar degeneration and swelling of mitochondria in cells. | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26889195 | After successful compression, hemorrhage and swelling were seen at the injury site, and the rat twitched its tail. | Neural Regen Res. 2015 Dec;10(12):2033-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172323. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26889195 | Hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections were used to observe nerve tissue swelling, hemorrhage and necrosis, cellular swelling, capsular spaces and vacuolar degeneration. | Neural Regen Res. 2015 Dec;10(12):2033-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172323. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26889195 | At the injury site, swelling, hemorrhage, necrotic foci, cellular swelling, vacuoles, and vacuolar degeneration were visible in the gray matter. | Neural Regen Res. 2015 Dec;10(12):2033-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172323. | Bleeding Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26889195 | In the electroacupuncture group, many neurons had survived, with only light swelling and necrosis. | Neural Regen Res. 2015 Dec;10(12):2033-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172323. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26889195 | (B) Electroacupuncture group: many neurons survived with only light swelling and limited necrosis, with a tight arrangement. | Neural Regen Res. 2015 Dec;10(12):2033-9. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.172323. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25767502 | However, at the spinal cord level, experimental study results have shown that EA of ST36 or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation significantly attenuates pain following intrathecal injection of M1 muscarinic antagonist (pirenzepine) in rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. | Neural Regen Res. 2012 Jan 25;7(3):212-8. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.03.010. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25657670 | Shou et al observed that repeated electroacupuncture could upregulate the expression of cannabinoid receptor-1 mRNA and dopamine 1 receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens-caudate nucleus region in rats with inflammatory pain. | Neural Regen Res. 2012 Jun 25;7(18):1378-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.18.003. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23573158 | Many experimental models of pathological pain, including inflammatory pain, neuropathic pain, and bone cancer pain, show a significant regional elevation of dynorphin and κ receptor in the spinal cord. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:920675. doi: 10.1155/2013/920675. Epub 2013 Mar 16. | Neuropathic Pain Cancer Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23573158 | A variety of pain assays in rodents have shown the effect of intrathecally administered orphanin-FQ (OFQ) to be antinociceptive, and it was also reported that acupuncture could exert an analgesic effect by activating spinal OFQ-OFQ receptor system in inflammatory pain model. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:920675. doi: 10.1155/2013/920675. Epub 2013 Mar 16. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23097675 | These findings clearly showed the effectiveness of EA at the ST36 and ST37 acupoints on anti-non-inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:483123. doi: 10.1155/2012/483123. Epub 2012 Oct 11. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 32042305 | found RVM MORs contributed to EA anti-hyperalgesia in a rat model with inflammatory pain. | Chin Med. 2020 Feb 4;15:13. doi: 10.1186/s13020-020-0289-y. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Here, we demonstrated that electroacupuncture at acupoints Zusanli (ST36), Xuanzhong (GB39); and Shenshu (BL23) markedly decreased the paw swelling and the histologic scores of inflammation in the synovial tissue, and reduced the body weight loss in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Alleviation of the FCA-Induced Body Weight Loss and Paw Swelling | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Accompanying with the body weight loss, a pronounced induction of paw swelling was found following the FCA injection (Figure 2(b)). | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Interestingly, the FCA-induced paw swelling was significantly lowered by the EA at acupoints (P < .05 versus the FCA group), but not by the EA at nonacupoint. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Our data show that the EA at acupoints (ST36, GB39 and BL23) remarkably reduced the body weight loss and alleviated the inflammation and paw swelling induced by FCA injection. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | In a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis, bee venom acupuncture has been reported to be able to relieve inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | Effect of EA on the body weight and the paw swelling in adjuvant-induced arthritis Rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 20953422 | (b) The paw swelling. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:290489. doi: 10.1155/2011/290489. Epub 2010 Sep 14. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | Tissue injury in peripheral sites can result in long-term potentiation in nociceptive neurons and surrounding glial cells, potentially resulting in the development of chronic inflammatory pain (CIP). | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | These therapies are particularly beneficial for lower back pain, inflammatory pain, and muscle pain due to exercise, fibromyalgia (FM), and myofascial pain. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | In the current study, we examined the efficacy of AI against chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) and determined the underlying mechanisms for its effect. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | The immunoblotting images depict four lanes of protein in the following order: Normal, chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), AI, and Trpv1-/- groups. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are significant increases in protein expression in the chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) groups of (A) TRPV1, (B) phosphorylated (activated) PKA (pPKA), (C) pPI3K, (D) pPKC, (E) pERK, (F) pJNK, (G) pp38, (H) pAkt, (I) pmTOR, (J) pCREB, (K) pNFkB, (L) Nav1.7, (M) Nav1.8, (N) Iba1, (O) S100B, and (P) RAGE levels, which were significantly attenuated in the AI and Trpv1-/- groups, depicting no difference when compared with the Normal group. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are significant increases in protein expression in the chronic inflammatory pain (CIP) groups of (A) TRPV1, (B) phosphorylated (activated) PKA (pPKA), (C) pPI3K, (D) pPKC, (E) pERK, (F) pJNK, (G) pp38, (H) pAkt, (I) pmTOR, (J) pCREB, (K) pNFÆB, (L) Nav1.7, (M) Nav1.8, (N) Iba1, (O) S100B, and (P) RAGE levels, which were significantly attenuated in the AI and Trpv1-/- groups, depicting no difference when compared with the Normal group. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are 4 groups: Normal, chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), acupoint injection (AI), and Trpv1-/-. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are 4 groups: Normal, chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), acupoint injection (AI), and Trpv1-/-. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are 4 groups: Normal, chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), acupoint injection (AI), and Trpv1-/-. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | There are 4 groups: Normal, chronic inflammatory pain (CIP), acupoint injection (AI), and Trpv1-/-. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | Our previous publication indicated the detailed molecular mechanisms triggered by EA to attenuate inflammatory pain through the TRPV1 signaling pathway and related molecules. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35656078 | EA may trigger endomorphin and adenosine release to decrease inflammatory pain. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2022 Apr;25(4):451-459. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2022.60121.13327. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33193035 | The CPIP rat model developed several important characters that recapitulate the clinic features of CRPS-I, including early swelling and hyperemia in the hind limb, followed with chronic mechanical, chemical, and thermal pain hypersensitivities. | Front Neurol. 2020 Oct 30;11:580997. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580997. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33193035 | Determination of Hind Paw Swelling | Front Neurol. 2020 Oct 30;11:580997. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580997. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 33193035 | Swelling was observed as an increase in hind paw diameter, as measured by a digital caliper, and was calculated as the difference between the basal value and the test value as in our previous study. | Front Neurol. 2020 Oct 30;11:580997. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.580997. eCollection 2020. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30106055 | However, the ICH group showed intracranial blood injection, tissue edema, partial nerve cell necrosis, glial cell swelling, intracellular vacuoles, and inflammatory cell infiltration. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Aug;13(8):1425-1432. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235298. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30106055 | Pathological features (arrows) in the ICH group were intracranial blood injection, tissue edema, partial nerve cell necrosis, glial cell swelling, intracellular vacuoles, and inflammatory cell infiltration. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Aug;13(8):1425-1432. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235298. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30106055 | Inflammation leads to cell swelling and damage, which in turn induces brain edema. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Aug;13(8):1425-1432. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235298. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 21799673 | Experimental and clinical trials have shown that acupuncture and electroacupuncture have beneficial effects in painful inflammatory conditions. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011;2011:217946. doi: 10.1093/ecam/neq036. Epub 2011 Jun 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27381504 | The role of NMDARs in inflammatory pain is well established but unclear in FM. | Acupunct Med. 2017 Mar;35(1):59-68. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010986. Epub 2016 Jul 5. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 27381504 | Wang et al used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that the number of DRG neurons expressing both isolectin B4 (IB4) and NR1 are dramatically increased in CFA (complete Freund's adjuvant)-mediated inflammatory pain. | Acupunct Med. 2017 Mar;35(1):59-68. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010986. Epub 2016 Jul 5. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26770252 | Accumulating evidence has shown that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a family member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), in the ACC is activated in the chemical inflammatory pain or neuropathic pain model and suggested that pain-induced anxiety is regulated by the ERK activation in the ACC after incision. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:235491. doi: 10.1155/2015/235491. Epub 2015 Dec 3. | Neuropathic Pain Anxiety Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | Therefore, in order to reveal the regulatory effect of acupuncture on NEI network, in this study, we analyzed 55 common signaling molecules of NEI network in serum, supernatants from the ST36 acupoint, and hind foot pad tissue in rats with inflammatory pain after acupuncture treatment and further explore the possible key signaling molecules during acupuncture modulating the NEI network by statistical method. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | Inflammatory Pain Model | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | Measurement of Hind Paw Swelling | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | The swelling of rat's right hind paw was measured by volumetric method with a self-made foot volume meter. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | The volume displacement represented the hind paw swelling and was determined by two observers. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | The data about PWL and hind paw swelling were analyzed by statistical analysis method. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | It indicated that MA had an analgesic effect on inflammatory pain in CFA rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of MA on CFA-Induced Hind Paw Swelling | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | These results suggested that MA could alleviate the CFA-induced hind paw swelling. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | In this study, the results showed that the PWL obviously decreased and hand paw swelling increased after CFA injections; MA could significantly increase the PWL and decrease hand paw swelling of the CFA rats; it indicated that MA had anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect on inflammatory pain in CFA rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | Hi-Joon Par found that some neural and immune pathways, such as MAPK, B-cell receptor, T-cell receptor, and Toll-like receptor, in the local acupoint were involved in the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effect of acupuncture on inflammatory pain in CFA rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Immunity Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | In conclusion, this study shows that MA has obvious analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on CFA rats with inflammatory pain; the key signaling molecules of ST36 acupoint, serum, and hind footpad tissue acquired by statistical and complex network methods were all consistent with the pathogenesis of RA and the analgesic effect and anti-inflammatory mechanism of MA; these key signaling molecules in the three parts may play an important role in MA modulating NEI network; it still needs to be further studied in the future. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | Effect of MA on hind paw swelling. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29785197 | A significant anti-inflammatory effect of MA on hind paw swelling in CFA rats was observed on day 21. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jan 29;2018:9260630. doi: 10.1155/2018/9260630. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | Acupuncture or electroacupuncture (EA) has been demonstrated to have a powerful antihypernociceptive effect on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | This study was designed to investigate the possible role of spinal GRK2 in EA antiallodynic in a rat model with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | These pieces of data demonstrated that the spinal GRK2 played an important role in EA antiallodynia on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | Acupuncture originated in ancient China has been proved to have a promising analgesic effect on several pain disorders, such as neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, and cancer pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Analgesic Effect Neuropathic Pain Cancer Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | For this purpose, low level of spinal GRK2 was induced by intrathecal administration with GRK2 oligonucleotides antisense, and the effect of low spinal GRK2 level on EA antiallodynic effect on inflammatory pain was evaluated in a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced mechanical allodynia. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | CFA Inflammatory Pain Model | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | The Antiallodynic Effect of EA on Inflammatory Pain | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | Previous work has shown that the level of GRK2 was significantly decreased in chronic neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Neuropathic Pain Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | that administration with GRK2 AS-ODN after EA treatment significantly blocked the EA antiallodynic effect on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | Thus, the results indicated that the spinal GRK2 played an important role in the EA antiallodynic effect on inflammatory pain and the increase of GRK2 may not affect the inhibitory nociceptive pathway mediated by endogenous opioids. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | But whether microglial or neuronal GRK2 contributes to EA antihypernociception on inflammatory pain needs further investigation. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | The attenuation of spinal GRK2 completely reversed both the transient and long-term antihypernociceptive effect by EA treatment on inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | The results further supported that spinal GRK2 may be a key molecular target for inflammatory pain regulation and developing strategies targeting GRK2 may be a promising way for clinical pain interventions. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26279808 | In control group pups, the shape of hippocampal and cortical neurons were clear, abundant mitochondria in the cytoplasm, smooth and clear membrane; large and round nucleus, prominent nucleoli projections intertwined to form nerve grains, the large number of synapses nerve grain area, clear and complete synaptic structure; presynaptic swelling seen in many synaptic vesicles, density uniformly distributed within the presynaptic swollen, denser postsynaptic membrane were seen. | J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14. Epub 2015 Jul 31. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26279808 | While as in brain damaged group pups the hippocampal and cortical neurons were seriously damaged, neuronal glial cells were visible and larger capillary gap, lower electron density floc, vacuoles and mitochondrial swelling within the cytoplasm of some neurons; reduced synaptic nerve grain area, presynaptic swelling with indistinct outline, uneven membrane thickness; decreased synaptic vesicles and dissolved vacuolization were seen. | J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14. Epub 2015 Jul 31. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26279808 | In this study we revealed that hippocampus and cortex were seriously damaged, neuronal glial cells were visible and larger capillary gap, lower electron density floc, vacuoles and mitochondria swelling occur within the cytoplasm of some neurons; reduced synaptic nerve grain area, presynaptic swelling with indistinct outline, uneven membrane thickness, decreased synaptic vesicles and dissolved vacuole were seen in damaged brain of pups. | J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14. Epub 2015 Jul 31. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206919 | In the model group, neuronal cytoplasmic swelling was evident, showing as loose, empty and bright cytoplasm (Figure 3C). | Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206919 | Organelle disintegration, nuclear swelling and pyknosis were obvious. | Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206919 | Model group (C) and electroacupuncture group (D): severe swelling surrounding neurons, dark heterochromatin. | Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206919 | Moxibustion group (E) and electroacupuncture + moxibustion group (F): mild swelling edema in neurons. | Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 38164490 | Chronic extensive pain is the main syndrome upsetting individuals with fibromyalgia (FM), accompanied by anxiety, obesity, sleep disturbances, and depression, Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) has been reported to transduce inflammatory and pain signals to the brain. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(1):66-73. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2023.71431.15534. | Insomnia Anxiety Depression Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 38164490 | reported that ACE has analgesic effects in withdrawal levels and decreased paw edema in mice inflammatory pain model. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(1):66-73. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2023.71431.15534. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 38164490 | We recently determined that downstream of TRPV1 molecules were increased after inflammatory pain in SSC and ACC and can be reversed by EA treatment. | Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2024;27(1):66-73. doi: 10.22038/IJBMS.2023.71431.15534. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25206816 | Our previous study demonstrated that neuronal degeneration and swelling were evident in the prefrontal lobe cortex and nucleus accumbens of rats with heroin relapse. | Neural Regen Res. 2014 Feb 1;9(3):301-7. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128228. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 29623933 | Axonal swellings were obvious in the model group due to the neural lesion. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Mar;13(3):477-483. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.228731. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35046719 | The clinical manifestations of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are joint pain, swelling, stiffness and even dyskinesia, which affects the quality of life of patients and aggravates the medical burden of society. | J Pain Res. 2022 Jan 11;15:93-103. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S346242. eCollection 2022. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28386185 | The results show: the display of a sham operation group cortical neurons in the reperfusion time points nerve have lower pathology scores; for ischemia again perfusion group mice cortex and hippocampus neurons appeared scattered arrangement of the cells, the nerve cell swelling obviously. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28386185 | It soothes swelling and pain, and has heat clearing and detoxifying effect, it is antihypertensive, anticoagulation and protects cerebral tissue. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23573131 | Swelling or deformation of the silicone tubes was not obvious, and no nerve dislocation was seen in all the investigated rats. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:514610. doi: 10.1155/2013/514610. Epub 2013 Mar 12. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 30105072 | This kind of inflammatory response is different from the classical symptoms of acute inflammation (swelling, discoloration, and pain); it is a chronic inflammatory response. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jul 12;2018:8296824. doi: 10.1155/2018/8296824. eCollection 2018. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28761425 | Cell shape was irregular, with interstitial edema and endothelial swelling. | Neural Regen Res. 2017 Jun;12(6):925-930. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.208574. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 28761425 | Cell shape was irregular, with interstitial edema and endothelial swelling. | Neural Regen Res. 2017 Jun;12(6):925-930. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.208574. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23737830 | In the present study, we reported similar analgesic effects between restrained and unrestrained EA in rats of acute inflammatory pain induced by intraplantar injection of CFA. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:404956. doi: 10.1155/2013/404956. Epub 2013 May 12. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23737830 | The CFA Model of Inflammatory Pain, EA, and Thermal Hyperalgesia Measurement | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:404956. doi: 10.1155/2013/404956. Epub 2013 May 12. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23737830 | Our experiment in CFA-induced inflammatory pain revealed similar analgesic effects between the restrained and the unrestrained EA methods. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:404956. doi: 10.1155/2013/404956. Epub 2013 May 12. | Analgesic Effect Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 23737830 | Our previous study showed that unrestrained EA increased blood corticosterone levels in rats with intraplantar CFA injection but not in naïve rats without inflammatory pain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:404956. doi: 10.1155/2013/404956. Epub 2013 May 12. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 35321503 | In the model group, on day 7 of postinjury, the brain tissues showed tissue loss, internal structure derangement, unclear arrangement, swelling of surrounding tissues, nucleus dissolution, and distortion of partial capillaries. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Mar 14;2022:1649605. doi: 10.1155/2022/1649605. eCollection 2022. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | It is used to treat amenorrhea, traumatic wounds, chest and abdominal pain, and painful swelling due to blood stasis. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | The role of acupuncture in pain and swelling control for postoperative tibial fracture treatment | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | Swelling through average limb circumference at fracture site. | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | Once injured (including bone fractures), blood circulation immediately becomes stagnant leading to swelling. | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Circulation Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | Therefore, electro-acupuncture of acupoints has the effect of activating blood circulation, reducing moisture, combined with proper rehabilitation, can help ventilate the blood, help reduce swelling in patients with fractures after surgery. | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Circulation Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | Accumulation of blood qi causes swelling, pain, redness, or bruising. | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 36116306 | Therefore, electro-acupuncture at the qi and blood circulation acupoints can help to ventilate the blood and help reduce swelling in patients with fractures after surgery. | Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Oct;99:107600. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107600. Epub 2022 Sep 7. | Circulation Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |