In clinical practice, acupuncture anesthesia presents a multitude of advantages, pivotal among these being Body System Protection. This technique supports the body's natural defenses, reducing the physiological stress often associated with surgical procedures. By modulating the body's response to pain, acupuncture anesthesia allows for a lower Dosage of Medication, significantly reducing the potential for drug-related side effects. Furthermore, this approach plays a crucial role in Emotion Regulation, helping patients maintain a calm and stable emotional state, which is essential for a positive surgical outcome. The impact of acupuncture on the nervous system not only aids in Pain Relief but also promotes Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Patients tend to experience faster recuperation times, attributed to the holistic nature of this method. Additionally, acupuncture anesthesia is associated with a Lower Incidence of Side Effects compared to conventional anesthetics. Its ability to modulate and balance the body's responses makes it an invaluable tool in the realm of modern medicine, offering a safer, more patient-centered approach to pain management and recovery.

           
Emotion Regulation
Depression
Acupuncture anesthesia is beneficial for patients with depression undergoing surgery, as it can help stabilize mood and reduce the emotional impact of surgery.
Anxiety
Acupuncture anesthesia has anxiolytic effects, calming preoperative anxiety, and promoting a more relaxed state for patients before surgery.
Sedation
Acupuncture anesthesia provides sedation, allowing patients to undergo surgery in a tranquil and comfortable state without the need for excessive sedative drugs.
Mood
By regulating the body's natural balance, acupuncture anesthesia can positively influence mood, contributing to a more positive surgical experience.

Acupuncture anesthesia for Emotion Regulation-Sedation


PMID Evidence Source Keyword Type
15539440 OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the present review was to determine what pain-relieving effect had been reported for acupuncture and other conscious sedation methods in assisted reproduction therapy since 1990. Hum Reprod. 2005 Feb;20(2):339-49. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh595. Epub 2004 Nov 11. Sedation Review
15539440 A systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized, controlled trials comparing the pain-relieving effect of acupuncture and other conscious sedation methods was carried out. Hum Reprod. 2005 Feb;20(2):339-49. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh595. Epub 2004 Nov 11. Sedation Review
16557449 Several consequences can be drawn from these studies: i) women anticipate postoperative pain more realistically and it occurs more often than in man; however, pain intensity and analgesic consumption are not different; ii) placebos elicit psychological phenomena (e. g. expectation) that trigger neurobiological processes (e. g. activation of endogenous opioid system); iii) COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk for thromboembolic complications (e. g. myocardial infarction, apoplex, pulmonary embolism) and perioperative mortality in patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery; iv) NSAID as supplement to postoperative PCIA with opioids reduce the risk for PONV and sedation; v) preoperative administration of gabapentin reduces preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain; vi) epidural catheters situated at the site of major spinal surgery are promising approach to provide efficient postoperative analgesia; vii) in the literature contradictory results have been reported regarding the effect of perioperative acupuncture on intra- and postoperative consumption of anesthetics or analgesics; acupuncture appears to decrease the incidence of PONV, but no reduction in the postoperative use of antiemetic agents has not been shown yet; viii) laparoscopic versus open colectomy in patients with colon carcinoma results in prolongation of surgery, reduction of postoperative pain and analgesics, earlier mobilization and a reduced hospital stay, if conventional systemic opioid-based pain therapy was used postoperatively. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2006 Mar;41(3):184-92. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-925141. Anxiety Sedation Review
18440533 Despite these deficiencies, acupuncture can be considered as an effective alternative for pain relief during oocyte retrieval in patients who cannot tolerate side effects of conscious sedation. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jul;90(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.094. Epub 2008 Apr 28. Pain Relief Side Effects Sedation Review
18522936 The acupuncture treatment group was associated with a lower incidence of opioid-related side-effects such as nausea (relative risk, RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86), dizziness (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.81), sedation (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.99), pruritus (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96), and urinary retention (RR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74). Br J Anaesth. 2008 Aug;101(2):151-60. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen146. Epub 2008 Jun 2. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Urinary Retention Sedation Review
23440796 These trials compared five different categories of conscious sedation and analgesia: 1) conscious sedation and analgesia versus placebo; 2) conscious sedation and analgesia versus other active interventions such as general and acupuncture anaesthesia; 3) conscious sedation and analgesia plus paracervical block versus other active interventions such as general, spinal and acupuncture anaesthesia; 4) patient-controlled conscious sedation and analgesia versus physician-administered conscious sedation and analgesia; and 5) conscious sedation and analgesia with different agents or dosage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD004829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004829.pub3. Sedation Review
23440796 Compared to conscious sedation alone, more effective pain relief was reported when conscious sedation was combined with electro-acupuncture: intra-operative pain mean difference (MD) on 1 to 10 visual analogue scale (VAS) of 3.00 (95% CI 2.23 to 3.77); post-operative pain MD in VAS units of 2.10 (95% CI 1.40 to 2.80; N = 61, one trial, low quality evidence); or paracervical block (MD not calculable).The pooled data of four trials showed a significantly lower intra-operative pain score with conscious sedation plus paracervical block than with electro-acupuncture plus paracervical block (MD on 10-point VAS of -0.66; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.39; N = 781, 4 trials, low quality evidence) with significant statistical heterogeneity (I(2) = 76%). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD004829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004829.pub3. Pain Relief Sedation Review
23440796 As different types and dosages of sedative and analgesic agents, as well as administrative protocols and assessment tools, were used in these trials the data should be interpreted with caution.There was no evidence of a significant difference in pregnancy rate in the 12 studies which assessed this outcome, and pooled data of four trials comparing electro-acupuncture combined with paracervical block with conscious sedation and analgesia plus paracervical block showed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.29; N = 783, 4 trials) for pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jan 31;(1):CD004829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004829.pub3. Sedation Review
23746494 The following treatment techniques are reviewed: various forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation training, benzodiazepine premedication, music distraction, hypnotherapy, acupuncture, nitrous oxide sedation, and the use of lavender oil scent. J Anxiety Disord. 2013 May;27(4):365-78. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.04.002. Epub 2013 Apr 13. Sedation Review
29616756 Local anaesthetic, conscious sedation, acupuncture, hypnosis and TENS are techniques that have been suggested in the literature to overcome a pronounced gag reflex. SAAD Dig. 2017 Jan;33:44-7. Sedation Review
23338773 The acupuncture treatment group was associated with a lower incidence of opioid-related side-effects such as nausea (RR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.86), dizziness (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.81), sedation (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.99), pruritus (RR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.96), and urinary retention (RR: 0.29: 95% CI: 0.12, 0.74). Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013 Mar;17(3):321. doi: 10.1007/s11916-013-0321-3. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Urinary Retention Sedation Review
30557187 The study of hypnosis and acupuncture as adjunct methods of sedation has demonstrated a lowered inflammatory response (interleukin 6) after surgery compared with general anesthesia, decreased preoperative anxiety, reduced intraoperative time, decreased postoperative analgesia use, and more rapid recovery. Ann Plast Surg. 2019 Apr;82(4):459-468. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001676. Anxiety Sedation Review
30855351 Currently, the preoperative sedation with acupuncture is speculated to improve the patient's preoperative status. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Mar 20;132(6):707-715. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000123. Sedation Review
30855351 A prospective randomized double-blind clinical study found that in cataract surgery, acupuncture at Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Waiguan (SJ5), Shenmen (HT7) point could achieve significant sedation. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Mar 20;132(6):707-715. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000123. Sedation Review
30855351 Similar results from a clinical trial pairing both sides of the Anming with Fengchi (GB20), Shenmen (HT7) with Hegu (LI4), and Sanyinjiao (SP6) with Zusanli (ST36) acupuncture stimulations in healthy volunteers have confirmed that the electro-acupuncture group was significantly lower in the bispectrality index and optimal sedation than the control group. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019 Mar 20;132(6):707-715. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000123. Sedation Review
31567462 If opioid therapy creates undesirable effects, such as sedation, constipation, fatigue, nausea, and emesis, the addition of acupuncture has the potential of lowering the required dose of pain medications and hence their side effects. Cancer J. 2019 Sep/Oct;25(5):343-348. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000399. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Review
34526816 Acupuncture combined with conscious sedation and analgesia (CSA) was associated with less intraoperative (SMD=−1.03; 95% CI: −1.71 to −0.36) and postoperative (SMD = −1.11; 95% CI: −1.51 to −0.71) pain compared to receive CSA alone in oocyte retrieval. J Pain Res. 2021 Sep 9;14:2833-2849. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S319923. eCollection 2021. Sedation Review
35380733 In multiple SRMs, acupuncture was found to be effective in reducing postsurgical pain compared with sham acupuncture, controls, and usual care, with a reduction in opioid need (21% opioid reduction at 8 hours, 23% at 24 hours, and 29% at 72 hours post surgery) and with a lowered incidence of opioid-related side effects such as nausea, dizziness, sedation, pruritus, and urinary retention. Pain Med. 2022 Aug 31;23(9):1582-1612. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac056. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Urinary Retention Sedation Review
35380733 Another double-blind placebo-controlled trial showed that the addition of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (application of electrical stimulation at acupuncture points) to usual care for minimally invasive lung cancer surgery reduced pain, reduced patient-controlled intravenous analgesic attempts, and reduced nausea and vomiting, which supports transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation as a feasible option for sedation and postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. Pain Med. 2022 Aug 31;23(9):1582-1612. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnac056. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Review
35399635 Electroacupuncture can adjust human physiological functions, relieve pain, provide sedation, promote blood circulation, reduce muscle tension, and so on. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Apr 1;2022:9053930. doi: 10.1155/2022/9053930. eCollection 2022. Circulation Sedation Review
35721049 ); (3) Comparison: were comparing acupuncture with any conservative interventions, not limited to the following: no treatment, placebo, sham acupuncture (SA), or other active conservative interventions (e.g., lubricant use, TPA, and sedation); and (4)Outcomes and Studies: were RCTs reporting at least one of the following outcomes, including discomfort severity using validated scales [e.g., visual analog scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS)], incidence of nausea and vomiting (INV) during the UGE procedure, the proportion of patients satisfied with the process or patients who would opt for the same procedure again, and the incidence and types of adverse events related to acupuncture treatment regardless of language. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 3;9:865035. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.865035. eCollection 2022. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Review
37200784 Dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, trembling hands, fatigue, depression, decreased appetite, decreased libido, lethargy or insomnia, excessive sedation or agitation, diarrhea or constipation, dry eyes or blurred vision, nasal congestion, and skin irritation were reported in the non-acupuncture group. Front Behav Neurosci. 2023 May 2;17:1163718. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1163718. eCollection 2023. Insomnia Nausea and Vomiting Depression Sedation Review
37396891 This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the efficacy of acupuncture therapy (including manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture) performed before or during gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol as the main sedative, compared with placebo, sham acupuncture, or no additional treatment other than the same sedation. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 Acupuncture combined with sedation reduces sedative consumption and wake-up time compared with sedation alone in gastrointestinal endoscopy; this combined approach allows patients to regain consciousness more quickly after examination and lower the risk of adverse effects. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Adverse Reactions Sedation Review
37396891 As less attention was paid to the effects of acupuncture on sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy in prior systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and the number of included studies was limited, here we aimed to perform an analysis to identify the efficacy of acupuncture therapy (including manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture) performed before or during gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol as the main sedative, compared with placebo, sham acupuncture, or no additional treatment other than the same sedation. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 The results showed that acupuncture combined with sedation could shorten the recovery time of patients [MD = −3.87, 95% CI (−5.43, −2.31), P < 0.001. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 The incidence of all kinds of adverse events except abdominal distension in acupuncture combined with sedation was lower than in the control group. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 As for the efficacy of acupuncture combined with sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy, the results of the meta-analysis suggested that acupuncture combined with sedation reduced sedative consumption and wake-up time. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 The overall incidence of adverse effects was lower in the group of acupuncture combined with sedation than in the control group, indicating the efficacy of acupuncture in improving the safety of sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Adverse Reactions Sedation Review
37396891 In addition, studies have reported that acupuncture combined with sedation was effective in suppressing stress responses and stabilizing hemodynamics in patients, thus less affecting vital signs than using sedatives alone. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Hemodynamics Stress Response Sedation Review
37396891 Therefore, further attention should be paid to monitoring the safety of acupuncture when it is combined with sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy the future clinical research. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 Therefore, a conclusion could be drawn with caution that the application of acupuncture in sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy was considered effective. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Side Effects Sedation Review
37396891 Considerably more work will need to be done using the scales above to assess postoperative cognitive function recovery of acupuncture combined with sedation, especially psychomotor function. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Cognitive Function Motor Function Sedation Review
37396891 Further studies, which combine short-term assessment with long-term follow-up, will need to be undertaken when exploring the effects of acupuncture combined with sedation on cognitive function. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Cognitive Function Sedation Review
37396891 A previous systematic review published in 2004 by Lee and Ernst compared the effectiveness of acupuncture, conventional sedation, and sham acupuncture in gastrointestinal endoscopy included only six clinical trials with problems such as small sample size, high heterogeneity, lack of unified outcome, and unclear provisions for primary outcomes, making a meta-analytical approach impossible. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 Our meta-analysis preliminarily suggested that acupuncture combined with sedation reduced sedative consumption and wake-up time. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 The exact source of the heterogeneity in multiple outcome measures remained unclear, one possible explanation being the inconsistency of interventions across studies, which suggests the importance of the standardization of both acupuncture and sedation measures. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 designed an orthogonal trial method to determine the optimized scheme of acupuncture combined with sedation for painless colonoscopy in different age groups, providing a possible solution for the problem. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 Anyway, more standardized, high-quality, multicenter, and large-scale RCTs with placebo acupuncture or sham acupuncture combined with sedation as the control group are needed, with standardization of therapeutic parameters such as acupoints, stimulation intensity and frequency, stimulation time of acupuncture, and sedative selection, in an attempt to better guide and promote the application of acupuncture combined with sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Sedation Review
37396891 In view of all that has been mentioned so far, it may be supposed that acupuncture combined with sedation reduced sedative consumption and wake-up time compared with simple sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy, which allows patients to regain consciousness more quickly after examination and overall reduces the risk of adverse effects. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jun 16;10:1189429. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1189429. eCollection 2023. Adverse Reactions Sedation Review
66867 The sedation of the patients was significant. Am J Chin Med (Gard City N Y). 1977 Spring;5(1):63-9. doi: 10.1142/s0192415x77000075. Sedation Clinic
33415861 Compared with the control group, the sedation score, the amounts of fentanyl and propofol used, the incidence rates of intraoperative snore and respiratory depression in the treatment group were obviously lower (P<0.05, P<0.01). Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2020 Dec 25;45(12):1006-9. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.200116. Depression Sedation Clinic
17388767 Acupuncture as an adjunct for sedation during lithotripsy. J Altern Complement Med. 2007 Mar;13(2):241-6. doi: 10.1089/acm.2006.6262. Sedation Clinic
22459647 OBJECTIVE: Electroacupuncture, a modern variation on a traditional Chinese treatment, might be useful for sedation and analgesia. Acupunct Med. 2012 Jun;30(2):78-84. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2011-010095. Epub 2012 Mar 29. Sedation Clinic
22459647 Patients in group B were given acupuncture without electrical stimulation at acupuncture points GV24 and EX-HN3 (Yintang) for 6 h simultaneously, and patients in group C were given electroacupuncture to the same points as in group B. RESULTS: Maintaining the BIS between 60 and 80, the hourly mean one dose of midazolam within the first 6 h after sedation in group C was 0.05 (+/-0.02 mg/kg per hour), which was significantly lower than both group A (0.08 +/- 0.03 mg/kg per hour, p<0.001) and group B (0.07 +/- 0.01 mg/kg per hour, p<0.021). Acupunct Med. 2012 Jun;30(2):78-84. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2011-010095. Epub 2012 Mar 29. Sedation Clinic
20615859 All patients also received routine sedation and local anaesthesia. Acupunct Med. 2010 Jun;28(2):65-70. doi: 10.1136/aim.2009.000570. Sedation Clinic
19369187 Effect of intraoperative electroacupuncture on postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, nausea and sedation: a randomised controlled trial. Acupunct Med. 2009 Mar;27(1):9-12. doi: 10.1136/aim.2008.000075. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
19369187 We measured the use of patient-controlled analgesia and time in recovery as well as pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and sedation. Acupunct Med. 2009 Mar;27(1):9-12. doi: 10.1136/aim.2008.000075. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
19369187 Pain scores were marginally lower in the acupuncture group, but not significantly, and there were no differences between the groups in nausea or sedation scores. Acupunct Med. 2009 Mar;27(1):9-12. doi: 10.1136/aim.2008.000075. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
25047046 As a consequence, first attempts were made to implement acupuncture in the anaesthetic framework, for example, as an option for sedation of the patient during tonsillectomy. Trials. 2014 Jul 21;15:292. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-292. Sedation Clinic
35647012 In recent years, some studies have shown that application of EA anesthesia can strengthen sedation and analgesia, stabilize the internal environment of the body, enhance immunity, and promote body recovery during the perioperative period, and can appropriately reduce the use of local anesthetics. Front Surg. 2022 May 12;9:901638. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.901638. eCollection 2022. Immunity Sedation Clinic
23573118 It is controversially discussed whether opioids after median sternotomy lead to side effects such as respiratory depression, vomiting, nausea, and sedation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:219817. doi: 10.1155/2013/219817. Epub 2013 Mar 14. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Depression Sedation Clinic
15937559 The secondary endpoints were pain intensity assessed by the patients on VAS-100 at rest before acupuncture, 30 min after tracheal extubation, on discharge from the anesthesia recovery room and during the follow-up examination; total piritramide requirement in the anesthesia recovery room between surgery and discharge; duration of general anesthesia, time from tracheal extubation to discharge and duration of night's sleep after surgery (in hours) self-reported during the follow-up examination; and the incidence of analgesia-related side effects (nausea and vomiting, sedation and pruritus). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2005 Jun;2(2):185-189. doi: 10.1093/ecam/neh097. Epub 2005 May 11. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
28105066 The exclusion criteria were as follows: participants undergoing endovascular surgery; participants with a history of hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, cardiopulmonary disease, diabetes, or psychological disorder; participants with a history of EA treatment; participants with a cardiac pacemaker; participants in the menstruating phase of the menstrual cycle; participants who refused to accept acupuncture; participants who were unconscious before surgery; participants with inability to communicate; participants participating in another clinical trial that could interfere with the primary endpoint of the study; participants with a bleeding disorder (hemophilia or fibrinogenemia); participants with serious systemic disease (AIDS or sepsis); participants with initial body temperature of above 38.0xc2xa0xc2xb0C or below 36.0xc2xa0xc2xb0C; participants with a known history of alcohol or substance abuse; participants requiring systemic sedation for other reasons; participants needing emergency procedures; participants who were pregnant or lactating women. Chin Med. 2017 Jan 16;12:5. doi: 10.1186/s13020-016-0122-9. eCollection 2017. Bleeding Sedation Clinic
30356057 Acupuncture may improve peri-operative care as it reduces post-operative symptoms, such as pain, nausea and vomiting, or sedation. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33459-y. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
30356057 At the time of the pre-anaesthetic visit, 12xe2x80x9324xe2x80x89hours prior to surgery, patients in the intervention groups received a standardised treatment with either 12 press needles (ACU; sharp tip; 0.2xe2x80x89mmxe2x80x89xc3x97xe2x80x891.5xe2x80x89mm) or 12 press plasters (APU; blunt knob; both Seirin New Pyonexxc2xae, Seirin Corp., Shizuoka City, Japan) at GV26, a point described to resolve states of sedation and collapse and 6 acupuncture points which have been proposed to relief pain and strengthen the constitution, i.e. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33459-y. Pain Relief Sedation Clinic
30356057 Acupuncture-related outcomes included pre-operative anxiety, depth of sedation (bispectral index; BIS), reaction times during emergence, time to extubation, post-operative analgesic consumption and pain intensity, and the occurrence of anaesthesia-related side effects. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33459-y. Side Effects Anxiety Sedation Clinic
30356057 The BIS index indicated significant differences between groups with regard to sedation at induction of anaesthesia (pxe2x80x89=xe2x80x890.029), and when turning off the TCI (pxe2x80x89=xe2x80x890.020). Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33459-y. Sedation Clinic
30356057 BIS scores indicated a trend towards an accelerated sedation and an earlier regain of consciousness when receiving acupuncture or acupressure. Sci Rep. 2018 Oct 24;8(1):15734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-33459-y. Sedation Clinic
30425466 We assessed patients for delirium and coma twice daily in the first 3 postoperative days using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Oct 24;13:2127-2134. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S183698. eCollection 2018. Sedation Clinic
30425466 After enrollment, trained research personnel who were blinded to group assignment assessed patientsxe2x80x99 results for POD and coma using the Confusion Assessment Method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) and the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) twice daily from the first to third postoperative day in the morning and in the afternoon or evening, with at least 6 hours elapsing between assessments. Clin Interv Aging. 2018 Oct 24;13:2127-2134. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S183698. eCollection 2018. Sedation Clinic
32062864 Efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with general anesthesia for sedation and postoperative analgesia in minimally invasive lung cancer surgery: A randomized, doublexe2x80x90blind, placeboxe2x80x90controlled trial Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Sedation Clinic
32062864 This study aimed to determine the efficacy of TEAS for sedation and postoperative analgesia in lung cancer patients undergoing thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Sedation Clinic
32062864 Bispectral index (BIS) score during the TEAS prior to anesthetic induction, Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAAS) score, sufentanil consumption during postoperative patientxe2x80x90controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), number of total and effective attempts of PCIA pump use, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded and analyzed statistically. Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
32062864 TEAS could be a feasible approach for sedation and postoperative analgesia in thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Sedation Clinic
32062864 The primary endpoint was postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at six, 24, and 48xe2x80x89hours after surgery and secondary endpoints were BIS scores during the TEAS prior to anesthetic induction, Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAAS) score, sufentanil consumption during postoperative PCIA, number of total and effective PCIA pump attempts, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and VAS scores at onexe2x80x89month after the surgery. Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
32062864 The violin plot of comparison of Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores at different times after transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) between the shamxe2x80x90TEAS group and the TEAS groups. Thorac Cancer. 2020 Apr;11(4):928-934. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.13343. Epub 2020 Feb 16. Sedation Clinic
33154688 Intraoperative anesthetics administration was as follows: continuous propofol infusion at 4xe2x80x928 mg/kg/h and a separate 0.15xe2x80x920.20 xcexbcg/kg/min remifentanil infusion for maintaining sedation and analgesia; and inhalation of sevoflurane (0.6xe2x80x922%) to keep a minimum alveolar concentration of xe2x89xa5 0.7. Nat Sci Sleep. 2020 Oct 27;12:809-819. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S270739. eCollection 2020. Sedation Clinic
33488793 However, opioid-induced immunosuppressive effects and adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, sedation, dizziness and decreased gut motility may delay patient recovery, which limits the application of opioids. Exp Ther Med. 2021 Mar;21(3):184. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.9615. Epub 2021 Jan 7. Immunity Adverse Reactions Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
36098938 Our findings are consistent with results from previous reports showing that TEAS significantly affects sedation and maintenance of hemodynamic stability. Pain Ther. 2022 Dec;11(4):1327-1339. doi: 10.1007/s40122-022-00429-2. Epub 2022 Sep 13. Sedation Clinic
29773696 Opioids, in particular morphine, hydromorphine and meperidine, are commonly used in the management of postoperative pain, but have significant side effects, including sedation, nausea, vomiting and itching. BMJ Open. 2018 May 17;8(5):e018464. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018464. Side Effects Nausea and Vomiting Sedation Clinic
19010737 The present study was designed to examine whether DBV injection into the Zusanli acupoint (ST-36) could enhance lower-dose clonidine-induced analgesic effects without the development of hypotension, bradycardia, or sedation. J Pain. 2009 Mar;10(3):253-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.09.002. Epub 2008 Nov 17. Analgesic Effect Sedation Mechanism
29034548 For example, tricyclic antidepressants result in sedation and various cardiovascular issues. Eur J Pain. 2018 Apr;22(4):679-690. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1132. Epub 2017 Oct 16. Cardiovascular Sedation Mechanism
33384922 Acute ETOH administration studies are scarce despite the potential of ETOH to cause sedation, intoxication and reduced acute functional tolerance. Integr Med Res. 2021 Jun;10(2):100497. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497. Epub 2020 Aug 12. Toxic Side Effects Sedation Mechanism
33384922 A low dose of ethanol can be a psychological stimulant, but a high dose causes depression and sedation and suppresses or impairs motor activity. Integr Med Res. 2021 Jun;10(2):100497. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497. Epub 2020 Aug 12. Depression Sedation Mechanism
33384922 Acute ETOH administration studies are scarce despite the potential of ETOH to cause sedation, intoxication and reduced acute functional tolerance. Integr Med Res. 2021 Jun;10(2):100497. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497. Epub 2020 Aug 12. Toxic Side Effects Sedation Mechanism
31217804 All tests were performed in awake and freely moving animals, without any sedation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 May 14;2019:9512875. doi: 10.1155/2019/9512875. eCollection 2019. Sedation Mechanism
26623337 In this way, after sedation of animals, caraniocaudal and mediolatteral view radiographies were taken (40 kvp, 30 mAs). Open Vet J. 2014;4(1):44-50. Epub 2014 Apr 25. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Comparison of Pharmacopuncture, Aquapuncture and Acepromazine for Sedation of Horses Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Previous studies with the injection of 1/10 of Acp dose in dog acupoints showed its advantage for sedation, minimizing undesirable effects. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Heart rate, respiratory rate, head height and degree of sedation were measured before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after treatments. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Heart Rate Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Signs of sedation were observed in all treated groups at 30 min and only in 1/10Acp-GV1 at 60 min after the treatments. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Acp-pharmacopuncture on GV1 in horses produced a mild sedation when compared with the conventional dose of Acp. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 More investigations are necessary to determine the optimal dosage of Acp-pharmacopuncture for sedation in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 However, GV1 is a lesser used sedation acupoint in humans due to its location, on the midpoint of the line connecting the end of the coccyx and anus, below the end of coccyx. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Few specific reports concerning the sedation effect of AP are available. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 However, clinical and experimental studies suggest that during AP session a certain degree of sedation and a transitory reduction in heart rate is observed. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Heart Rate Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Therefore, research on the use of AP in sedation will bring new perspectives towards investigations and clinical use in this area. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports about the use of subclinical doses of Acp injected in acupoints to induce sedation in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 a subclinical dose of Acp, 0.01 mg kg−1) in GV1 acupoint, compared to the conventional dose of a subcutaneous injection of Acp (0.1 mg kg−1) for sedation in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 The following measurements were performed before and at 30, 60 and 90 min after treatments: heart rate (with a stethoscope), respiratory rate (by observation of the thoracic movements), head height (distance from the floor to the animal's muzzle) and degree of sedation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Heart Rate Sedation Mechanism
18830446 1/10Acp-GV1 Induced 60 min Sedation Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Pharmacopuncture and sedation score in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Mean ± SEM of sedation score of horses treated with acepromazine (Acp, 0.1 mg kg−1 s.c., n = 8), aquapuncture (Sal-GV1, 0.01 ml kg−1 of saline in GV1, n = 8), pharmacopuncture (1/10 Acp-GV1, 0.01 mg kg−1 of Acp in GV1, n = 8) or saline (C, 0.01 ml kg−1 of saline s.c., n = 8). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Pharmacopuncture and sedation score in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Mean ± SEM of sedation score of horses treated with saline (C, 0.01 ml kg−1 of saline s.c., n = 8), acepromazine (Acp, 0.1 mg kg−1 of Acp s.c., n = 8), aquapuncture (Sal-GV1, 0.01 ml kg−1 of saline in GV1, n = 8) or pharmacopuncture (1/10 Acp-GV1, 0.01 mg kg−1 of Acp in GV1, n = 8). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Sedation was observed both in Acp and 1/10Acp-GV1-treated horses at 30 min when compared with basal values. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 However, only the 1/10Acp-GV1 group showed sedation at 60 min after treatment, when compared with C (Fig. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Signs of sedation were not observed in C and Sal-GV1 when compared with the basal value (Fig. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Acp produced typical signs of sedation in horses as previously reported. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Aquapuncture (Sal-GV1) and pharmacopuncture (1/10Acp-GV1) induced signs of sedation 30 min after treatment, confirming the sedative effect of GV1 in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Only 1/10Acp-GV1 treatment was able to maintain a certain degree of sedation at 60 min, indicating a long-lasting effect of pharmacopuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 As expected, the reduction in respiratory rate was observed in horses treated with 0.1 mg kg−1 of Acp s.c., indicating that decreased respiratory rate was produced either by sedation or by a respiratory depression. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Depression Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Both aquapuncture (Sal-GV1) and pharmacopuncture (1/10Acp-GV1) produced signs of sedation without respiratory depression. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Depression Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Head height is an external sign of sedation in horses, and it is used as a clinical parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of a sedative drug. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 External signs of sedation, showed by the association of reduced head height and sedation score, were observed only in the Acp group. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 All treated groups showed low sedation scores at 30 min after the onset of the study. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Sedation is usually observed in animals by AP practitioners in most clinical cases. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 Several acupoints may be used for analgesia in surgical procedures and also for sedation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 As low sedation scores occurred for the first 30 min in all treated groups and remained low for 60 min only in 1/10Acp-GV1, these results are in agreement with previous findings showing the potentiation effect of subclinical doses of drugs injected in an acupoint, i.e. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 These data demonstrate that more investigation is required to determine pharmacopuncture optimal dosage to reduce sedation score and head height as observed in horses treated with Acp. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 In conclusion, although the conventional dose of Acp produced the lower head height, 1/10Acp-GV1 produced a longer sedative effect showing that, apparently, both regimens produced similar sedation in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
18830446 The saline injection in GV-1 also produced sedation in horses. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):267-72. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nel096. Sedation Mechanism
30069225 Although Intranasal corticosteroids and antihistamines exhibit clinical efficacy for the treatment of AR, they cause inevitable side effects such as hormone resistance, drowsiness, and sedation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jul 5;2018:7629239. doi: 10.1155/2018/7629239. eCollection 2018. Side Effects Sedation Mechanism
23097675 Mice were placed in a restraint device (manufactured as described previously) inside a sound-attenuating, dark chamber and allowed to recover from isoflurane sedation (30 minutes) before CRD testing. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:483123. doi: 10.1155/2012/483123. Epub 2012 Oct 11. Sedation Mechanism
29311503 To exclude influences of anesthesia in EA treatment, such as central sedation and possible neuroprotection or neural injury, we designed a restriction device (Patent application No. Exp Anim. 2018 May 10;67(2):271-280. doi: 10.1538/expanim.17-0142. Epub 2018 Jan 1. Neuroprotection Sedation Mechanism