- The advantages of acupuncture anesthesia in clinical practice
In clinical practice, acupuncture anesthesia presents a multitude of advantages, pivotal among these being Body System Protection. This technique supports the body's natural defenses, reducing the physiological stress often associated with surgical procedures. By modulating the body's response to pain, acupuncture anesthesia allows for a lower Dosage of Medication, significantly reducing the potential for drug-related side effects. Furthermore, this approach plays a crucial role in Emotion Regulation, helping patients maintain a calm and stable emotional state, which is essential for a positive surgical outcome. The impact of acupuncture on the nervous system not only aids in Pain Relief but also promotes Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Patients tend to experience faster recuperation times, attributed to the holistic nature of this method. Additionally, acupuncture anesthesia is associated with a Lower Incidence of Side Effects compared to conventional anesthetics. Its ability to modulate and balance the body's responses makes it an invaluable tool in the realm of modern medicine, offering a safer, more patient-centered approach to pain management and recovery.
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Lower Incidence of Side Effects
- Toxic Side Effects
- Acupuncture anesthesia can help reduce the toxic side effects of certain medications used in surgery, minimizing harm to the patient's body.
- Hypothermia
- Acupuncture anesthesia can aid in maintaining normal body temperature during surgery, reducing the risk of hypothermia.
- Stress Response
- Acupuncture anesthesia can mitigate the body's stress response to surgery, promoting a more relaxed and stable physiological state.
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Acupuncture anesthesia has antiemetic properties, effectively preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
- Adverse Reactions
- Acupuncture anesthesia can minimize adverse reactions to anesthesia drugs, enhancing patient safety during surgical procedures.
- Side Effects
- Acupuncture anesthesia's minimal side effects make it a safer alternative to traditional anesthesia methods.
- Insomnia
- Acupuncture anesthesia can improve sleep quality by reducing postoperative pain and discomfort.
- Urinary Retention
- Acupuncture anesthesia can help prevent urinary retention, ensuring proper urinary function post-surgery.
- Sleep Quality
- Acupuncture anesthesia contributes to better sleep quality by alleviating pain and promoting relaxation.
- Urinary Incontinence
- Acupuncture anesthesia can address urinary incontinence issues, improving bladder control post-surgery.
Acupuncture anesthesia for Lower Incidence of Side Effects-Toxic Side Effects
| PMID | Evidence | Source | Keyword | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1581655 | Applications of acupuncture include treatment of inflammation and trauma; stimulation of tissue healing in burns, ulcers, indolent wounds, ischemia, necrosis, and gangrene; infections; postinfection sequelae; fever; autoimmune disease; allergies; anaphylaxis and shock; and treatment or prevention of side effects from cytotoxic chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. | Probl Vet Med. 1992 Mar;4(1):162-93. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Review |
| 18652123 | Acupuncture is affirmatively effective in treating obesity with its flexible point selection and various methods without toxic and side effects. | J Tradit Chin Med. 2008 Jun;28(2):139-47. doi: 10.1016/s0254-6272(08)60033-3. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Review |
| 19887992 | However, the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating toxic neuropathy has not been assessed. | Am J Clin Oncol. 2009 Jun;32(3):319-25. doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e318173a520. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 24724890 | Other herbal treatments have reversed the cardiac arrhythmias associated with ATS intoxication, and acupuncture has been used successfully for the protracted depressive and somatic symptoms of ATS withdrawal over a period of 3 months. | Am J Addict. 2014 May-Jun;23(3):313-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12116.x. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 27141629 | Results indicate that scalp acupuncture intervention can 1) improve cerebral blood circulation to promote regional energy metabolism, 2) up-regulate expression of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), etc., possibly promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the focal cerebral cortex and hippocampus, 3) reduce contents of excitatory amino acid and increase level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) to lower neurogenic toxicity, and relieve cerebral injury, 4) ease cerebral vascular immunoinflammatory reactions, 5) regulate blood lipid metabolism to resist cerebral free radical damage, and 6) inhibit cerebral cortical apoptosis. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2016 Feb;41(1):87-9, 93. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Review |
| 27323449 | Ischemic Stroke, Excitatory Amino Acids Toxicity and the Adjustment of Acupuncture Intervention. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2016 Apr;41(2):180-5. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 27323449 | In this paper the authors introduce the research status of antiexcitatory amino acids toxicity effect of acupuncture in ischemic stroke animals by summarizing its effects on subunits of ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDA/AMPA) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and on astrocyte activities. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2016 Apr;41(2):180-5. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 27323449 | Results indicated that acupuncture intervention may down-regulate the expression levels of cerebral multi-types (NR 1, NR 2 B) of glutamate NMDA receptors, up-regulate expression of glutamate transporter-1, NR 2 A, cannabinoid receptor (CBR) type 1 and 2, and suppress activities of cerebral astrocytes, reduce the content of extracellular glutamate to lower its toxicity and to improve stroke at last. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2016 Apr;41(2):180-5. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 28527041 | Acupuncture regulates multiple molecules and signaling pathways that lead to excitoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurons death and survival. | J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2017 Dec;12(4):575-592. doi: 10.1007/s11481-017-9747-4. Epub 2017 May 19. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 34421064 | Some Chinese herbal medicines (e.g., Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, Astragali radix, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (TJ-41), Liu-jun-zi-tang (TJ-43), Shi-quan-da-bu-tang (TJ-48), and Ban-xia-xie-xin-tang (TJ-14)) and some acupuncture points (e.g., Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), Neiguan (PC6) and Baihui (GV20)) that are commonly used to treat cancer-related symptoms and/or to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted-therapy are highlighted and summarized. | Biosci Trends. 2021 Nov 21;15(5):283-298. doi: 10.5582/bst.2021.01318. Epub 2021 Aug 20. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35128875 | It is found that acupuncture induced amelioration of symptoms of CIS is closely related to its functions in 1) inhibiting neuroinflammation, 2) reducing oxidative stress, 3) lowering excitatory amino acid toxicity, 4) resisting neuronal apoptosis, 5) regulating cellular autophagy, 6) promoting neuronal regeneration and repair, 7) facilitating vascular remodeling, 8) regulating cerebrovascular reserve, 9) adjusting brain metabolism, and 10) maintaining the integrity of blood-brain barrier. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2022 Jan 25;47(1):78-82. doi: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.201026. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 24566146 | Other research showed that acupuncture can inhibit the nigrostriatal neurodegeneration caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication by increasing expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT). | Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Feb 21;15(2):3234-52. doi: 10.3390/ijms15023234. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 26161404 | This review article provides an overview of published data regarding the potential toxic effects of different anesthetic techniques (Loco-regional, general anesthesia (GA), and monitored anesthesia care (MAC)), different anesthetic agents, and alternative medicine approach (principally acupuncture) on the IVF outcome. | Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:475362. doi: 10.1155/2015/475362. Epub 2015 Jun 16. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 26161404 | Specifically, we included studies using either traditional anesthetic procedures or alternative medicine (acupuncture) for pain relief during ART and only trials that assessed IVF outcomes in terms of different parameters such us pregnancy rate, fertilization rate, number and quality of oocytes collected, embryo quality, and follicular levels of an anesthetic agent possibly related to toxicity. | Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:475362. doi: 10.1155/2015/475362. Epub 2015 Jun 16. | Pain Relief Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 26652982 | Another single-arm study by Garcia et al demonstrated that electroacupuncture was safe and possibly effective in treating thalidomide/bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy in 19 multiple myeloma patients with significant improvements in Functional Assessment of Cancer therapy-neurotoxicity score after 9 weeks treatment. | Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016 Feb;98:325-34. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.11.014. Epub 2015 Nov 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 28664077 | These authors also found that bee venom acupuncture at the GB34 point protected DA neurons effectively against MPTP toxicity, possibly by inhibition of phospho-Jun activation. | Integr Med Res. 2014 Jun;3(2):41-48. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.03.003. Epub 2014 Apr 1. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 29143805 | Manual acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36) and EA at Baihui (GV20) improves cognitive hippocampus function by modulating cAMP/PKA/CREB and by reducing the expression of NR1-TRPV1, thus reducing deficits related to LTP due to excitotoxicity. | Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 28;18(11):2270. doi: 10.3390/ijms18112270. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 29722298 | Electroacupuncture pretreatment or treatment after ischemic stroke by using appropriate electroacupuncture parameters generates neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects that increase cerebral blood flow, regulate oxidative stress, attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity, maintain blood-brain barrier integrity, inhibit apoptosis, increase growth factor production, and induce cerebral ischemic tolerance. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow | Review |
| 29722298 | Acupuncture, one of the most important components of traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to activate relevant brain regions, modulate cerebral blood flow (CBF), and regulate multiple molecules and signaling pathways that lead to excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, neuronal death, and survival after interruption of blood supply. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. | Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow | Review |
| 29722298 | Acupuncture intervention can significantly reduce the size of the infarcted area, improve cerebral blood circulation to promote regional energy metabolism, regulate blood lipid metabolism to resist cerebral free radical damage, inhibit cerebral cortical apoptosis, reduce the amount of excitatory amino acids to lower neurogenic toxicity, reduce calcium overloading, ease cerebral vascular immune-inflammatory reactions, and upregulate the expression of antiapoptosis genes and neurotrophic factors, thereby promoting the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the focal cerebral cortex and hippocampus. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Apr;13(4):573-583. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.230272. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Review |
| 30298094 | Scalp acupuncture has been reported to (1) improve cerebral blood circulation, promoting regional energy metabolism; (2) upregulate expression of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), possibly promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the focal cerebral cortex and hippocampus; (3) reduce contents of excitatory amino acid and increase level of GABA, thus lowering neurogenic toxicity; (4) ease cerebral vascular immunoinflammatory reactions; (5) regulate blood lipid metabolism to resist cerebral free radical damage; and (6) inhibit cerebral cortical apoptosis. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Sep 12;2018:8107508. doi: 10.1155/2018/8107508. eCollection 2018. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Review |
| 30618558 | Shi shows that acupuncture may decrease the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 1 (NMDAR1) mRNA mediated excitotoxicity of glutamate after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (Shi,). | Front Neurosci. 2018 Dec 11;12:929. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00929. eCollection 2018. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 31379957 | performed a microarray analysis study of acupuncture on GB34 and LR3 in an MPTP mouse model of parkinsonism and reported that acupuncture reversed the downregulation of five annotated genes and upregulation of three annotated genes through MPTP intoxication. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 11;2019:2909632. doi: 10.1155/2019/2909632. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 31379957 | Acupuncture modulates neuroinflammation by inactivating ERK 1/2 and p38/MAPK signaling pathway and reduces neuronal excitotoxicity through the pPKA/pPKC/CaMKIIα signaling pathway. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 11;2019:2909632. doi: 10.1155/2019/2909632. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 31467579 | Scholars from the Tianjin Medical University found that PKCa and p38MAPK pathways are involved in the electroacupuncture-mediated upregulation of HO-1 expression during acute lung injury in rabbits with endotoxic shock. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 31467579 | The protective role of Keap 1-Nrf2/ARE pathway in electroacupuncture-relieved lung injury induced by endotoxic shock in rabbits is related to its phosphorylation, which promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 protein by p38MAPK. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 31467579 | found that electroacupuncture can regulate the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, reduce the expression of p-ERK in the early stage of cerebral ischemia, and finally interfere with the potential toxic effects on neurons thereby protecting the brain. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Jul 31;2019:8138017. doi: 10.1155/2019/8138017. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 32148660 | Since acupuncture is nonpharmacologically based, there are no concerns regarding dependence, addiction, tolerance, and neurological toxicity, nor will acupuncture increase the metabolic burdens of the liver and kidney, making acupuncture a potentially attractive therapy for treating POCD. | Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Feb 13;2020:9641904. doi: 10.1155/2020/9641904. eCollection 2020. | Toxic Side Effects Kidney | Review |
| 32630156 | Further studies are required to identify and characterize the various substrates of these kinases involved in cell differentiation/cell repair, neurotoxicity, and neurodegeneration, thus potentially furthering the current understanding of the mechanism underlying acupuncture in treating these diseases. | Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jun 30;21(13):4693. doi: 10.3390/ijms21134693. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 32875921 | The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) SRs and meta/analyses of clinical studies in which at least 1 RCT was included; (2) target population was any type of cancer participants with CIPN (any type of chemotherapy) where the nonpharmacological management was the primary focus of the review; (3) the interventions included were nonpharmacological approaches such as lifestyle interventions, physical therapy, nutritional supplements, and complementary medicine therapies (eg, acupuncture, herbal medicine); (4) comparator(s)/control were pharmacological control or any other forms of control (eg, placebo, no intervention); and (5) the main outcomes reported were neurotoxicity incidence and/or severity measured by standardized and validated clinical assessment tools, including, but not limited to, patient-reported outcomes, clinician-rated neuropathy assessments, and physical/functional measures. | Integr Cancer Ther. 2020 Jan-Dec;19:1534735420945027. doi: 10.1177/1534735420945027. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 32992601 | Despite its clinical complications, toxicity or anaphylaxis, it is a safe form of acupuncture and it has interesting pharmacological properties from a biotechnological point of view. | Toxins (Basel). 2020 Sep 27;12(10):618. doi: 10.3390/toxins12100618. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 33505460 | In addition to directly attenuating the deposition, neuroinflammatory response, and neurotoxicity of Aβ and increasing cerebral blood flow, acupuncture also could improve cognitive abilities through regulation of neuroplasticity (Figure 3). | Neural Plast. 2021 Jan 12;2021:8868447. doi: 10.1155/2021/8868447. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow | Review |
| 33883931 | Patients receiving acupuncture therapy obtained improved symptoms in pain, neurotoxicity and distress which suggested that acupuncture could be a promising intervention in the treatment of CIPN. | J Pain Res. 2021 Apr 15;14:993-1005. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S296150. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 34675729 | Given its non-pharmacological basis, acupuncture also obviates the concerns with respect to toxicity and AEs that commonly occur when using hypnotics/sedatives, such as hangover, tolerance, increased alertness, and even endocrinological, hematological or cardiovascular events, and concerns regarding common side effects of contemporary antidepressive agents, such as dry mouth, cardiovascular/gastrointestinal side effects, seizure, bleeding, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and even suicidality. | Nat Sci Sleep. 2021 Oct 12;13:1823-1863. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S332474. eCollection 2021. | Cardiovascular Endocrinology Toxic Side Effects Side Effects Bleeding | Review |
| 34992414 | Morphine and acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity can also be relieved by acupuncture through the amelioration of antioxidant defense systems. | J Inflamm Res. 2021 Dec 21;14:7191-7224. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S341581. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35055089 | In addition, there are also asserted acupuncture abilities to augment post-ischemia CBF by promoting VEGF and angiogenin-1-mediated angiogenesis and the improved release of vasoactive mediators (i.e., acetylcholine and NO); moreover, it can improve regional energy metabolism, regulate blood lipid metabolism to resist cerebral free radical damage, reduce the number of excitatory amino acids to lower neurogenic toxicity, and reduce calcium overloading. | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):907. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020907. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35055089 | The therapeutic intervention pathways seem to be similar to those asserted for acupuncture: increase cerebral blood flow, regulate oxidative stress, attenuate glutamate excitotoxicity, suppress Ca2+ overload in the infarct region of the brain, causing neuroinflammatory reactions, maintain BBB integrity, inhibit apoptosis, increase growth factor production, and induce cerebral ischemic tolerance. | Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 14;23(2):907. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020907. | Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow | Review |
| 35233354 | Acupuncture modulates multiple molecules and signaling pathways that lead to excitotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuron death, and survival. | Tzu Chi Med J. 2021 Apr 19;34(1):35-43. doi: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_275_20. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35241146 | GABA-mediated inhibition also plays a role in acupuncture-induced reduction of excitotoxicity. | Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35241146 | Acupuncture may increase the survival rate, migration and homing ability of the implated cells and maintain cell functions by increasing the cerebral blood flow, modulating the blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and attenuating the excitotoxicity and inflammatory responses. | Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. | Toxic Side Effects Blood Flow | Review |
| 35241146 | Acupuncture can modulate the brain microenvironment and reduce the cell loss caused by excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, which could  further enhance cell therapy efficiency. | Stem Cell Res Ther. 2022 Mar 3;13(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02761-y. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35462893 | Compared with other therapeutic methods, acupuncture is non-toxic and has a simple operation and low cost, but its mechanism remains unclear. | Front Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 7;13:875103. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.875103. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35725779 | examining six high quality RCTs investigating the effect of acupuncture on CIPN by using specific pain scores (N=386 cancer patients), it was found that acupuncture significantly improved pain scores (â1.21, 95% [CI] = â1.61 to â0.82, P < .00001) and neurological symptoms based on Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Neurotoxicity questionnaire scores (â2.02, 95% CI = â2.21 to â1.84, P < .00001). | Blood Rev. 2022 Nov;56:100985. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2022.100985. Epub 2022 Jun 13. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35788539 | acupuncture) have been observed and organ toxicity from the use of specific TCAM products has been seen, if the consumer does not disclose TCAM use, then there is a risk of misdiagnosis and/or inappropriate treatment. | Drug Saf. 2022 Jul;45(7):713-735. doi: 10.1007/s40264-022-01189-w. Epub 2022 Jul 5. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35800002 | In 2021, Meng's research found that acupuncture can improve the Glutamic Acid and Gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in PCIV rats, which lessens the excitability toxicity of ischemic stroke. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 28;2022:3740856. doi: 10.1155/2022/3740856. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 35832526 | Studies in recent years have shown that the acupuncture treatment of acute renal colic caused by urinary calculi has rapid pain relief, reliable curative effect, and no toxic side effects, but the sample sizes of these trials were small, and their conclusions were seen as overly positive. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jul 4;2022:7140038. doi: 10.1155/2022/7140038. eCollection 2022. | Pain Relief Toxic Side Effects Side Effects Kidney | Review |
| 35875071 | The addition of acupuncture played a vital role in reducing toxicity and enhancsing efficiency. | Front Oncol. 2022 Jul 8;12:888651. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888651. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 36119472 | This indicated that conventional Western medicine combined with acupuncture had the advantage of reducing toxicity and increasing effects in the treatment of lung cancer, reflecting the advantages of acupuncture in lung cancer such as safety, effectiveness, urgency, acceptability, and applicability. | Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 2;12:921151. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921151. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 36291216 | Compared with many rehabilitation therapies, acupuncture has the advantages of safety, simple operation, non-toxic side effects, and relatively low cost. | Brain Sci. 2022 Sep 23;12(10):1282. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12101282. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Review |
| 36381700 | Due to the potential adverse toxicities related to traditional treatments for chronic pain, integrative medicine techniques such as massage, osteopathic spinal manipulation, acupuncture, and yoga are extremely relevant in the treatment of chronic pain and should be considered a leading treatment option. | Cureus. 2022 Oct 5;14(10):e29963. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29963. eCollection 2022 Oct. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 36439200 | At present, most of the research on the action of acupuncture on the neurological deficits of ischemic stroke has been from the perspective of reducing neuroinflammation, represented by reducing microglial activation and the release of proinflammatory mediators and neurotoxic substances. | Front Cell Neurosci. 2022 Nov 10;16:817732. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2022.817732. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 36670425 | Acupuncture may improve cognitive impairment in AD rats by inhibiting the production of toxic proteins and promoting their clearance. | Chin Med. 2023 Jan 20;18(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00707-x. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 36670425 | It has been reported that acupuncture might promote correct folding in potentially toxic proteins; for example, acupuncture at Danzhong (CV17), Zhongwan (CV12), Qihai (CV6), Xuhai (SP10), and ST36 improved cognitive function and increased neuronal numbers in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, accompanied by increased expression of HSP84 and HSP86. | Chin Med. 2023 Jan 20;18(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s13020-023-00707-x. | Cognitive Function Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37091130 | Acupuncture antagonizes excitotoxicity damage by activating syn-NMDAR, and enhancing neuronal survival signals this way may be advantageous over conventional NMDA receptor antagonists. | Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37091130 | Moreover, acupuncture for cerebrovascular disease involves reducing the excitotoxic effects by enhancing syn-NMDAR and inhibiting eNMDAR, thus reducing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. | Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37091130 | In summary, it can be reasonably speculated that acupuncture may be a pathway that regulates the expression and activity of glutamate and its receptors and reduces excitotoxicity to interfere with cell death in the penumbra region to improve the survival rate of penumbra cells and protect neurons. | Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37091130 | Acupuncture can be neuroprotective by inhibiting the excitotoxic effects of glutamate by activating the expression activity of GABA. | Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37091130 | Therefore, acupuncture improvement of language function in PSA patients may be due to the upregulation of GABA expression by acupuncture treatment, activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, and inhibiting excitotoxic effects. | Behav Neurol. 2023 Apr 12;2023:9445381. doi: 10.1155/2023/9445381. eCollection 2023. | Toxic Side Effects Language Function | Review |
| 37200784 | Acupuncture was reported to counteract the neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, reduce stress-induced nerve cell damage, and promote neuroprotective effects and fear memory regression by upregulating BDNF in the PFC (Chen et al.,) and downregulating mPFC GABAARal (Zhu et al.,). | Front Behav Neurosci. 2023 May 2;17:1163718. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1163718. eCollection 2023. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37760483 | Peripheral neuropathy symptoms measured with the FACT-NTX (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Neurotoxicity) subscale seem to be significantly relieved in cancer patients receiving acupuncture. | Cancers (Basel). 2023 Sep 11;15(18):4513. doi: 10.3390/cancers15184513. | Toxic Side Effects | Review |
| 37861487 | Studies have shown that the effect of acupuncture is mainly to enhance the effect of chemotherapy and reduce the toxic side effects of chemotherapy, so as to improve the quality of life. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 20;102(42):e35000. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000035000. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Review |
| 38046583 | In contrast, acupuncture has the advantages of high safety and no toxic side effects and is more easily accepted by patients with heart, liver, and kidney damage. | Front Neurol. 2023 Nov 17;14:1268626. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1268626. eCollection 2023. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects Kidney | Review |
| 20209977 | Postoperative urinary retention, pain severity I and II and the cases with intoxic response in AAA and control groups were 1 and 8, 16 and 6, 4 and 14, and 1 and 9, separately. | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2009 Dec;34(6):403-5. | Toxic Side Effects Urinary Retention | Clinic |
| 20209977 | The effects of AAA group were significantly superior to those of control group in lessening urinary retention and toxication, and in inducing analgesia (P<0.05). | Zhen Ci Yan Jiu. 2009 Dec;34(6):403-5. | Toxic Side Effects Urinary Retention | Clinic |
| 11754709 | MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cocaine use during treatment and at the 3- and 6-month postrandomization follow-up based on urine toxicology screens; retention in treatment. | JAMA. 2002 Jan 2;287(1):55-63. doi: 10.1001/jama.287.1.55. | Toxic Side Effects | Clinic |
| 28658163 | High concentration of S100xcexb2 protein is toxic to neurons, and is closely related to POCD. | Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Jun;96(26):e7375. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007375. | Toxic Side Effects | Clinic |
| 36098938 | CD8+ Txc2xa0cells are cytotoxic Txc2xa0cells, and an elevation in their level indicates that the body is immunocompromised. | Pain Ther. 2022 Dec;11(4):1327-1339. doi: 10.1007/s40122-022-00429-2. Epub 2022 Sep 13. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Clinic |
| 30381011 | Previous studies proved that increased levels of IL-6 may inhibit the cytotoxic activity of NK cells by decreasing the expression of perforin, granzyme B (a serine protease), and tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP-2) but do not decrease NK cell numbers. | Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jan 1;17:1533033818806477. doi: 10.1177/1533033818806477. | Toxic Side Effects | Clinic |
| 30381011 | As an important inflammatory cytokine, TNF-xcexb1 directly influences NK cell activation and cytotoxic effects on tumor cells. | Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jan 1;17:1533033818806477. doi: 10.1177/1533033818806477. | Toxic Side Effects | Clinic |
| 20308770 | Acupuncture (ACU) is known to be effective in ischemia treatment, and glutamate (GLU) excitotoxicity is an important factor in neuronal cell death. | Physiol Meas. 2010 May;31(5):633-47. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/31/5/003. Epub 2010 Mar 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 20034453 | DISCUSSION: We found that bee venom acupuncture effectively protected dopaminergic neurons against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine toxicity, possibly through inhibition of Jun activation. | Neurol Res. 2010 Feb;32 Suppl 1:88-91. doi: 10.1179/016164109X12537002794282. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 10968647 | Nitric oxide (NO) is an important diffusible neurotransmitter, which also has neurotoxicity when it is overproduced. | Acupunct Electrother Res. 2000;25(2):101-7. doi: 10.3727/036012900816356163. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 19056464 | Acupuncture inhibited decreases in the immunoreactivities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) that occurred as a result of MPTP neurotoxicity. | Neurosci Lett. 2009 Jan 30;450(2):92-6. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.049. Epub 2008 Nov 27. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31192694 | After EA treatment for 3 days, immune response, natural killer (NK) cell toxicity and the expression of cytokines and DREAM/NF-kappaB were assessed. | Acupunct Med. 2019 Oct;37(5):292-300. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2017-011593. Epub 2019 Jun 13. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31192694 | RESULTS: EA treatment, especially at alternating 2/100 Hz frequency, improved spleen and thymus indices, increased lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase levels, promoted concanavalin A- and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenocyte proliferation, increased NK cell toxicity and ameliorated CP-induced immunosuppression in mice. | Acupunct Med. 2019 Oct;37(5):292-300. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2017-011593. Epub 2019 Jun 13. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21440609 | Changes of gene expression profiles in the cervical spinal cord by acupuncture in an MPTP-intoxicated mouse model: microarray analysis. | Gene. 2011 Jul 15;481(1):7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Apr 1. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21440609 | These data suggest that the expression of these exclusively regulated 16 probes (9 genes) may be, at least in part, affected by acupuncture at the acupoints in the cervical spinal cord which can be damaged by MPTP intoxication. | Gene. 2011 Jul 15;481(1):7-16. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.03.006. Epub 2011 Apr 1. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 20034451 | OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture has been known to be effective in ischemia, and glutamate excitotoxicity is an important factor for the neuronal cell death. | Neurol Res. 2010 Feb;32 Suppl 1:79-83. doi: 10.1179/016164109X12537002794200. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23235115 | These results suggest that the 32 probes (8 annotated genes) which are affected by MPTP and acupuncture may be responsible for exerting the inhibitory effect of acupuncture in the thalamus which can be damaged by MPTP intoxication. | Gene. 2013 Feb 25;515(2):329-38. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.002. Epub 2012 Dec 9. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 30966771 | We identified that serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 (SGK1) is evidently downregulated in chronic MPTP-intoxication and acupuncture stimulation maintained SGK1 expression at levels similar to the control group. | Am J Chin Med. 2019;47(3):527-539. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X19500277. Epub 2019 Apr 9. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 19419550 | It plays a key role in the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and in the removal of excess of potentially neurotoxic steroids. | J Biomed Sci. 2009 May 6;16(1):46. doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-46. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | After electro-acupuncture stimulation at ST36 and BL13, severe lung injury during endotoxic shock was attenuated. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Thus, the regulation of ERK1/2 pathways via electro-acupuncture may be a therapeutic strategy for endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an indication of acute lung injury (ALI), is highly associated with endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | ALI and ARDS, which represent the severest form of lung injury associated with endotoxic shock, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | The first-line treatments for patients with endotoxic shock, such as antibiotics, source control, and resuscitation with intravenous fluids to optimize circulation and organ perfusion, are largely limited to persistent hypo-perfusion and end-organ dysfunctions. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Investigators have suggested that increased oxidative stress and end-organ damage is related to mortality during endotoxic shock, but the hypotension partly contributing to HO-1 protein and CO has no obvious relation. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Our previous studies also revealed that electro-acupuncture stimulation at ST36 and BL13 could attenuate lung injury during the endotoxic shock, and this effect was due to increased expression of HO-1. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | In particular, we demonstrated that the inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway, the activation of which contributed to the induction and maintenance of HO-1, in endotoxic shock rats, was possibly involved in exacerbation of lung dysfunction during the endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | However, whether ERK1/2 pathways are involved in mediating the effect of EA on HO-1 in severe lung injury during endotoxic shock has not been fully demonstrated. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Our purpose was to study the molecular mechanisms of EA-mediated up-regulation of HO-1 in lungs of rabbits with endotoxic shock and to correlate it with ERK1/2 activation. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | We used a rabbit model of endotoxic shock, similar to the experimental preparation that we have previously described. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Electro-acupuncture treatment was performed on groups EAM and EAMPD, and group SEAM received acupuncture at a non-acupoint as described above, with no electro-acupuncture treatment on groups C, group D, group PD98059, and group M. Rabbits in group M, SEAM, EAM, EAMPD, and EAMP received 2 mL (5 mg/kg, intravenously) LPS (L2630, Sigma, USA) to replicate the experimental model of endotoxic shock, and those in group C, D, and PD98059 received 2 mL normal saline intravenously as a control. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | The experimental model of endotoxic shock-induced lung injury was defined by the lowered MAP (<75% of the baseline) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2 <300 mmHg). | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | In the present study, we have shown that EA is capable of attenuating LPS-induced lung injury during endotoxic shock and significantly inhibiting LPS-induced up-regulation of MDA and TNF-α, as well as down-regulation of SOD activity. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | These findings show a novel linkage between HO-1 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in LPS-induced lung injury during endotoxic shock, which expands the understanding of the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities of EA, and outlines potential molecular mechanisms that explain the protective respiratory effects of EA. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Lung Protection Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Our previous study showed that the induction of HO-1 by LPS can cause protection of lung, kidney, and liver during endotoxic shock in rats, and up-regulation of HO-1 may become a novel protective strategy for organ injury during endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects Kidney | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Another previous study also indicated that EA could attenuate lung injury by up-regulating HO-1 during endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis showed that HO-1 expression was significantly increased after EA stimulation, indicating that EA stimulation can attenuate lung injury by the up-regulation of HO-1 during endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | In agreement with previous findings, these results suggest that EA stimulation (but not non-acupoint EA stimulation), exerts protective effects on lungs with endotoxic shock by increasing expression of HO-1. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Numerous studies have demonstrated that severe lung injury during endotoxic shock can be caused by multiple factors and that long-lasting inflammatory responses play an important role in the progression of ALI and ARDS. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Our previous study demonstrated that down-regulation of the HO-1 protein by ZnPP-IX, a special inhibitor of HO-1, results in an increase of end-organ dysfunctions in endotoxic shock, while SOD activity was reduced and the MDA content was increased. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | After giving PD98059, accompanied with down-regulation of p-ERK1/2 and HO-1, this effect of EA against oxidative stress was significantly reduced, which shows that a critical mechanism of electro-acupuncture in protecting lungs with endotoxic shock against oxidative stress may be through the effect of the ERK1/2 pathway on up-regulation of HO-1. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Lung Protection Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | To clarify whether the ERK1/2 pathway induced the expression of HO-1 by electro-acupuncture in the lungs of rabbits with endotoxic shock, we used PD98059. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | In summary, this study demonstrated that electro-acupuncture stimulation at acupoints ST36 and BL13, but not EA stimulation at non-acupoints, could up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 in the lungs of rabbits with endotoxic shock and attenuate lung injury during the endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | However, the pathophysiology of lung injury induced by endotoxic shock is a very complicated process, and the exact mechanisms underlying the regulatory role of the ERK1/2 pathway induced by electro-acupuncture on HO-1 expression need further investigation. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Although there is a long way to go before the exact mechanisms of electro-acupuncture on lung injury induced by endotoxic shock can be determined, we believe that the role of signaling pathways induced by electro-acupuncture on expression of HO-1 in the lungs of rabbits with endotoxic shock will draw increasing interest in the future. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | Electro-acupuncture stimulation at ST36 and BL13, in contrast with the non-acupoint, can up-regulate heme oxygenase-1 in the lungs of rabbits with endotoxic shock and attenuate the lung injury during the endotoxic shock. | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25139460 | In the models of the lung injury induced by endotoxic shock, whether given non-acupoint treatment or given PDTC, histologic examination showed typical pathologic traits of lung injury, such as diffuse edema and severe inflammatory cell (predominantly neutrophils) infiltration in alveoli and interstitium of the lung, hemorrhage, and thickened interlobular septa (M, SEAM and EAMPD), whereas the model with electro-acupuncture treatment showed minimal lung injury, with a mild degree of neutrophil infiltration and thickening of the alveolar walls (EAM). | Med Sci Monit. 2014 Aug 16;20:1452-60. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890736. | Toxic Side Effects Bleeding | Mechanism |
| 34564665 | Although these treatments are used alone or in combination, there are side effects such as gastrointestinal disorders, exacerbation of heart failure (NSAIDs), hypertension, restriction of use in diabetic patients (corticosteroids), digestive side effects, and renal and nervous system toxicity (Col). | Toxins (Basel). 2021 Sep 16;13(9):661. doi: 10.3390/toxins13090661. | Gastrointestinal Tract Toxic Side Effects Side Effects Kidney | Mechanism |
| 24828425 | The BBB facilitates selective, diffusion-mediated exchange of membrane-permeant molecules between the circulating blood and the central nervous system, and in this manner protects the brain from extraneous compounds and neurotoxic substances. | PLoS One. 2014 May 14;9(5):e97488. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097488. eCollection 2014. | Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Mechanism |
| 25481535 | The most important side effect of oxaliplatin treatment is a peripheral neuropathy that has unique characteristics and represents a major dose-limiting toxicity. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 6;14:471. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-471. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25481535 | This unpleasant acute neurosensory toxicity with dysesthesia of the distal extremities and perioral region occurs shortly after an infusion in as much as 90% of the patients. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Dec 6;14:471. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-471. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | The most widely-used models are rat SCI contusion, excitotoxic and hemisection models. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | In general, bee venom (BV) contains a number of potential pain-related substances, including melittin, histamine and phospholipase A2, and this mixture of biologically-active substances is able to induce toxic effects, contributing to certain clinical signs or symptoms of envenomation. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26184310 | Human responses to BV include small edema, redness, extensive local swelling, anaphylaxis, systemic toxic reaction and pain. | Toxins (Basel). 2015 Jul 10;7(7):2571-85. doi: 10.3390/toxins7072571. | Toxic Side Effects Inflammatory Pain | Mechanism |
| 25158599 | The activities of splenic natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium colorimetric method. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Aug 26;14:316. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-316. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25158599 | NK cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities assay | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Aug 26;14:316. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-316. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34659396 | After a cerebral ischemic injury, most grafted cells die as a result of malignant changes in the ischemic focus and the surrounding microenvironment; for example, inflammation or immune response, trophic factor withdrawal, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, hypoxia, and apoptosis. | Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34659396 | The inflammation leads to the deterioration of the local microenvironment, which is toxic to the host neural cells and is not conducive to the survival of exogenous grafted cells. | Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34659396 | Most cell death occurs during the first few days after transplantation as a result of inflammation or immune response, trophic factor withdrawal, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, hypoxia, and apoptosis. | Neural Plast. 2021 Oct 7;2021:4894881. doi: 10.1155/2021/4894881. eCollection 2021. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25302705 | Electro-acupuncture activated some genes involved in apoptosis, NOD-like receptor, cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, p53, leukocyte transendothelial migration, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, adipocytokine, and B cell receptor pathways (Figure 4B). | Molecules. 2014 Oct 9;19(10):16158-78. doi: 10.3390/molecules191016158. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25302705 | Although several common pathways, such as ECM-receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, apoptosis, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways were detected in both EA and NA pretreatment groups (Figure 4C,D), most of the genes involved in these pathways were different in EA and NA group; only 27 genes appeared in both EA and NA rats. | Molecules. 2014 Oct 9;19(10):16158-78. doi: 10.3390/molecules191016158. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26016857 | It has been found that EA increased ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) and ubiquitin activating enzyme-1 (UBE1) expression in the SN, which led to a reduction of α-syn expression and toxicity. | J Neuroinflammation. 2015 May 28;12:103. doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0302-z. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26016857 | Of note, the Nrf2 protection is not restricted to α-syn toxicity. | J Neuroinflammation. 2015 May 28;12:103. doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0302-z. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | Our previous work has shown that 100 Hz electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulation at ZUSANLI (ST36) and SANYINJIAO (SP6) protects neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta from 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) toxicity in male C57BL/6 mice, a model of PD. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | In the brain MPTP is metabolized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the active toxic compound. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | The formation and toxic production process of MPP+ are accompanied by an increased production of free radicals, especially superoxide, which is poorly reactive but can be turned into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | 100 Hz EA stimulation protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP toxicity | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | Here we assessed whether EA stimulation could rescue DA neurons in the SNpc from MPTP toxicity by TH immunohistochemistry. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | 100 Hz EA stimulation protects dopaminergic neurons from MPTP toxicity. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | In the brain the toxicity of MPTP is due to its toxic form, MPP+, which is selectively toxic to dopaminergic neurons. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | Enhanced SOD activity may be neuroprotective since transgenic mice with increased SOD activity are resistant to MPTP injury, while mice with decreased SOD activity are more susceptible to MPTP toxicity. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | Impairment of the GSH system may trigger a cascade of events leading to oxidative stress and destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway as well as render the pathway susceptible to a toxic insult. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | In our model the rapid elevation of H2O2 content and GSH-PX activity suggests that the production of ROS is an early event in MPTP toxicity, consistent with the observations in other experiments. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21625423 | MPP+ activates microglia which exaggerates its toxicity via ROS dependent and independent mechanisms. | PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e19790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019790. Epub 2011 May 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26345700 | Cigarettes contain over 4000 chemical compounds and 400 or more toxic substances including nicotine, tar, acrolein, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, ammonia, aromatic compounds, arsenic, mercury and chromium. | Acupunct Med. 2016 Apr;34(2):107-13. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010674. Epub 2015 Sep 7. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26792101 | More specifically, it can attenuate toxicity of aggregate-prone proteins by activating ALP to clear protein aggregation in several types of NDDs. | Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 21;6:19714. doi: 10.1038/srep19714. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26792101 | However, since rapamycin influences both upstream and downstream ALP, and broadly affects cell growth and metabolism, rapamycin-based treatments show adverse effects including dyslipidemias, anti-proliferative toxicity and renal dysfunction, which has intrigued intense interest in developing new drugs independent of mTOR or finding new therapeutic targets. | Sci Rep. 2016 Jan 21;6:19714. doi: 10.1038/srep19714. | Toxic Side Effects Adverse Reactions Kidney | Mechanism |
| 23737982 | Electro-Acupuncture Stimulation Improves Spontaneous Locomotor Hyperactivity in MPTP Intoxicated Mice | PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064403. Print 2013. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23737982 | Our previous work demonstrated that 100 Hz electro-acupuncture (EA) stimulation at ZUSANLI and SANYINJIAO protected the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system of C57BL/6 mice from MPTP toxicity, indicating that acupuncture might be an effective therapy for PD sufferers. | PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064403. Print 2013. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23737982 | MPTP-lesioned C57BL/6 mice model is widely used to assess novel anti-Parkinsonian therapies, but conflicted results show decreased, increased and neutral phenomenon on locomotor activity, which might be due to different sources of mice or intoxication protocols. | PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064403. Print 2013. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23737982 | In the brain, it is transformed into the toxic form, MPP+, in non-dopaminergic cells. | PLoS One. 2013 May 30;8(5):e64403. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064403. Print 2013. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 22132113 | Animals and MPTP intoxication | PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027566. Epub 2011 Nov 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 22132113 | In the striatum, acupuncture treatment also showed similar protection of dopaminergic fibers against MPTP toxicity (65.61±2.85% vs. | PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027566. Epub 2011 Nov 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 22132113 | Therefore, the observed increases in relative HVA concentrations and increases in DOPAC/DA and HVA/DA ratios following acupuncture treatment in MPTP-intoxicated mice (Fig. | PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027566. Epub 2011 Nov 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 22132113 | Consistent with previous reports, MPTP intoxication increased FosB expression in the striatum (Fig. | PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027566. Epub 2011 Nov 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 22132113 | We also found an increase in the phosphorylation of DARPP-32 after MPTP intoxication (Fig. | PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027566. Epub 2011 Nov 22. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | Paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity has been reported in 60-70% of all treated patients; it mainly presents as sensory neuropathy, with numbness, tingling, and burning pain being the most common complaints. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 21872220 | Thus, lower frequency EA has a potent inhibitory effect on peripheral nerve injury-induced allodynia and hyperalgesia, both metabolic/toxic and traumatic. | Brain Res. 2011 Sep 26;1414:58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.004. Epub 2011 Aug 7. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 29034548 | Paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity typically presents as sensory neuropathy. | Eur J Pain. 2018 Apr;22(4):679-690. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1132. Epub 2017 Oct 16. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 33384922 | Acute ETOH administration studies are scarce despite the potential of ETOH to cause sedation, intoxication and reduced acute functional tolerance. | Integr Med Res. 2021 Jun;10(2):100497. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497. Epub 2020 Aug 12. | Toxic Side Effects Sedation | Mechanism |
| 33384922 | Acute ETOH administration studies are scarce despite the potential of ETOH to cause sedation, intoxication and reduced acute functional tolerance. | Integr Med Res. 2021 Jun;10(2):100497. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2020.100497. Epub 2020 Aug 12. | Toxic Side Effects Sedation | Mechanism |
| 34782576 | A large number of animal experiments have shown that acupuncture at GV20 and GV14 can reduce excitotoxicity, enhance neurogenesis, and promote the release of neurotrophic factors in the brain (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nuclear factor kappa B, tropomyosin-related kinase B), which reduces cerebral infarct volume and improves sensorimotor function (Cheng et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2014; Wang et al., 2014; Chang et al., 2018; Park et al., 2019). | Neural Regen Res. 2022 Jun;17(6):1310-1317. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.327355. | Toxic Side Effects Motor Function | Mechanism |
| 23304201 | Therefore, we believe acupuncture may provide a non-toxic and natural alternative to wound healing. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:464586. doi: 10.1155/2012/464586. Epub 2012 Dec 10. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | However, the gastrointestinal adverse effects of lactulose have limited its usage, and it is not recommended for long-term clinical application due to its potential toxicity and the development of drug-resistant strains. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects Adverse Reactions | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Currently, the pathogenesis of HE remains unclear, possible theories include toxication derived from excessive ammonia, γ-aminobutyric acid, manganese ions, and pseudo neurotransmitters, as well as oxidative stress and imbalance of serum amino acid. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | Studies on the effects of ammonia toxication on the pathogenesis of HE and neurological damage have made some progress. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34630618 | IL-6, also known as a proinflammatory factor, can activate microglia and astrocytes and cause neuronal damage and cognitive impairment by inducing the production of neurotoxic transmitters. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Oct 1;2021:7992688. doi: 10.1155/2021/7992688. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | Kainic acid (KA) is a neurotoxin that induces epileptic seizures and excitotoxicity in the hippocampus. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | Acupuncture is frequently used as an alternative therapy for epilepsy, and it has been known to protect hippocampal neurons against KA toxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | The administration of KA commonly induces epileptic seizures and excitotoxic cell death in the hippocampus, similar to that observed in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | These results indicate that acupuncture stimulation at HT8 protects hippocampal cells from KA toxicity, but it is still unknown which proteins are related to the action of the acupuncture stimulation. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | KA increases ROS production, therefore the upregulation of CRMP-2 may contribute to the suppression of neuronal death from KA toxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | We found that acupuncture stimulation at HT8 restored the CRMP-2 level that was decreased by KA administration, which suggests that the restoration of the CRMP-2 level by the acupuncture stimulation contributed to the neuroprotective effect against KA toxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Neuroprotection Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | T-complex protein 1 (TCP-1), a chaperonin family member, that folds protein properly, supports the maintenance of the native forms of cytoskeletal proteins, and the overexpression of all TCP-1 subunits suppressed Neuro2a cell death induced by the cytotoxicity of polyglutamine-expansion proteins. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 23970931 | Taken together, the increases of PURA, PP5, and TCP-1 have the potential to protect hippocampal neurons against KA toxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:436315. doi: 10.1155/2013/436315. Epub 2013 Jul 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31836020 | demonstrated in an animal model of AD that the microglial surface receptor triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) plays as a critical role in the protection of neurons by enhancing microglial activities against Aβ depositions and their related toxicity. | J Neuroinflammation. 2019 Dec 13;16(1):264. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1665-3. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25861363 | Thus, many researches have tried to explore the secret of stroke by using gene-chip technology and a lot of biological processes have been found to be related to the pathological injury of ischemic stroke such as inflammation, apoptosis, and excitotoxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25861363 | 58 pathways were examined for upregulated mRNAs in this study including the regulation of Staphylococcus aureus infection, phagosome, cell adhesion molecules, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, hematopoietic cell lineage, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity MAPK signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, and TGF-beta signaling pathway (see Table 3). | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:496932. doi: 10.1155/2015/496932. Epub 2015 Mar 10. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25206697 | Acupuncture is simple to perform, is not toxic, does not have adverse effects, and has been extensively used in the clinic. | Neural Regen Res. 2013 Feb 25;8(6):540-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.007. | Toxic Side Effects Adverse Reactions | Mechanism |
| 25206697 | Rotenone, an insecticide used for agriculture and fishponds, has strong liposolubility and can traverse the blood-brain barrier, where it exerts a cytotoxic effect. | Neural Regen Res. 2013 Feb 25;8(6):540-9. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.06.007. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28299842 | Our study supports that harvesting of MSC from the blood of EA-treated human subjects and ex vivo expansion is feasible and may serve as a practical method to harvest cells for autologous cell therapy, free of the risks and discomfort associated with current more invasive and toxic collection methods. | Stem Cells. 2017 May;35(5):1303-1315. doi: 10.1002/stem.2613. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28299842 | Furthermore, harvesting of MSC from the blood of EA-treated human subjects and ex vivo expansion is feasible and may serve as a practical method to harvest cells for autologous cell therapy, free of the risks and discomfort associated with current more invasive and toxic collection methods. | Stem Cells. 2017 May;35(5):1303-1315. doi: 10.1002/stem.2613. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34405366 | Earlier work has demonstrated that iron, a major component of haemoglobin, which is extremely toxic to nerve cells, is liberated during haematoma formation following ICH and can initiate a Fenton reaction. | J Mol Neurosci. 2022 Jan;72(1):82-96. doi: 10.1007/s12031-021-01890-y. Epub 2021 Aug 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26561562 | Diet, hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, side effects of medication and, rarely, heavy metal toxicity may induce constipation. | Acupunct Med. 2016 Jun;34(3):194-200. doi: 10.1136/acupmed-2015-010897. Epub 2015 Nov 11. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28837077 | One study showed that manual acupuncture for 15 s at GB34 and LR3 inhibits neurotoxicity and rotational behavior in the PD rat model 2 weeks after intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. | Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Aug 24;18(9):1846. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091846. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28837077 | 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) is the toxic metabolite of MPTP. | Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Aug 24;18(9):1846. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091846. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28837077 | In mice overexpressing Bcl-2, MPTP toxicity is attenuated via the enhancement of antioxidant activity and the suppression of apoptosis. | Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Aug 24;18(9):1846. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091846. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 30127121 | In addition to primary injury, secondary injury (including ischemia and edema around the hematoma, toxic effects of hemoglobin metabolites, inflammatory responses, and neural cell apoptosis) contributes to the overall functional loss and determines the long-term outcome (Lu et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2017). | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Sep;13(9):1602-1608. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.237123. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | These findings indicate that the 39 probes (12 annotated genes) affected by MPTP and acupuncture may be responsible for the inhibitory effects of acupuncture on degeneration-related gene expression in the SN following damage induced by MPTP intoxication. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Additionally, gene expression in thalamic regions damaged by MPTP intoxication may be affected, at least in part, by acupuncture at specific acupoints. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Thus, we investigated changes in gene expression profiles in the SN region in a relatively chronic Parkinsonism model and identified the genes related to the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on alterations in gene expression induced by MPTP intoxication. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Immunohistochemical analyses using Western blots confirmed that the decrease in TH levels in the striatal and SNpc regions induced by MPTP intoxication was significantly inhibited by acupuncture at acupoints (MPTP-A) but not at non-acupoints (MPTP-NA; Figure 2). | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Immunity Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | These results confirm that acupuncture stimulation suppresses the pathological change in TH levels induced by MPTP intoxication in the striatal and SNpc regions, of the mice in our study. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Changes in gene expression in the SN region following chronic MPTP intoxication | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Compared to the control, 244 up-regulated (Table S1) and 255 down-regulated (Table S2) DEGs were identified in the SN region following chronic MPTP intoxication. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Up-down-regulated genes following MPTP intoxication and acupuncture | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | In the current study, Slc6a13 was up-regulated in the MPTP group compared to the control group; therefore this may be the underlying cause of neuronal intoxication. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Serping1 is up-regulated in the microglial pathway upon stimulation by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma; or lethal lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Proline itself has been postulated to be neurotoxic when its extracellular concentration is increased in the brain. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | These results indicate that acupuncture may suppress the Slc6a4 overexpression caused by MPTP intoxication. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Moreover, testosterone has been reported to be neurotoxic to dopaminergic neurons. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Thus, olfactory receptor-related genes may be related to the pathological mechanisms of MPTP neurotoxicity. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Pathway analyses for the 22 probes that were up-regulated by MPTP intoxication (vs. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | MPTP), as well as for the 17 probes down-regulated by MPTP intoxication (vs. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Acupuncture stimulation attenuates the reduction of TH induced by 6-OHDA intoxication and MPTP (; ) in nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25983633 | Therefore, the effect of MPTP intoxication on gene expression in the SN region may be ameliorated by acupuncture at acupoints. | Genet Mol Biol. 2015 Mar;38(1):115-27. doi: 10.1590/S1415-475738120140137. Epub 2014 Mar 17. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 35416841 | Therefore, the search for an effective, nontoxic treatment with minimal side effects has received close attention from the scientific community. | Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2022 Mar;80(3):289-295. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2021-0149. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28860844 | It measures the efficiency of swimming to a hidden, submerged platform from four different locations in a circular tank filled with opaque and nontoxic water (22°C±1°C). | J Pain Res. 2017 Aug 8;10:1887-1897. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S140840. eCollection 2017. | Toxic Side Effects Circulation | Mechanism |
| 31312613 | Cytotoxic chemotherapy is the major treatment choice used for triple-negative breast cancer. | Front Oncol. 2019 Jul 2;9:576. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00576. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31312613 | Besides, the elevated TUNEL apoptosis index in paclitaxel combined acupuncture group further suggested that acupuncture intervention may lead to increased paclitaxel cytotoxicity most likely by increasing the intratumoral drug concentration. | Front Oncol. 2019 Jul 2;9:576. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00576. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 27630692 | The main functions of acupuncture treatment are improvement of blood circulation, increasing of cerebral blood flow, improvement of hemorheological properties, regulation of metabolism and neurotransmitter balance after ischemia, reduction of oxidative free radical damage, reduction of lipid peroxidation, excitatory amino acid release and toxicity, maintenance of membrane equilibrium, prevention of calcium overload in cells, regulation of gene expression, and inhibition of neuronal apoptosis (Liu et al., 2004; Dong et al., 2009). | Neural Regen Res. 2016 Jul;11(7):1099-101. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.187042. | Toxic Side Effects Circulation Blood Flow | Mechanism |
| 30431067 | It has been hypothesized that the mitochondria exert neurotoxicity by allowing the influx of Aβ to cells via the Tom40 import pore. | Int J Mol Med. 2019 Jan;43(1):221-232. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3981. Epub 2018 Nov 6. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 35928244 | reported that acupuncture at GB34 reduced CCl4-induced liver toxicity and protected liver function. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022 Jun 29;2022:3294273. doi: 10.1155/2022/3294273. eCollection 2022. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31785199 | A high concentration of NO in cells can further release Glu through NO-cGMP pathway, resulting in a neuronal cytotoxic effect, reducing synaptic plasticity of neurons. | Med Sci Monit. 2019 Nov 30;25:9112-9122. doi: 10.12659/MSM.917593. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31785199 | When levels of the NMDA receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B are increased, they can cause neuro-excitatory toxicity and neuropsychiatric symptoms. | Med Sci Monit. 2019 Nov 30;25:9112-9122. doi: 10.12659/MSM.917593. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31785199 | The NO derived from iNOS and nNOS) has neurotoxic effects. | Med Sci Monit. 2019 Nov 30;25:9112-9122. doi: 10.12659/MSM.917593. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | Intravenous Toxicity Study of Water-soluble Ginseng Pharmacopuncture in SD Rats | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | This study was performed to investigate the single-dose intravenous toxicity of water-soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (WSGP) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | The rat's general conditions and body weights, the results of their hematological and biochemistry tests, and their necropsy and histopathological findings were investigated to identify the toxicological effect of WSGP injected intravenously. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | No deaths were found in this single-dose toxicity test on the intravenous injection of WSGP, and no significant changes in the rat's general conditions and body weights, the results on their hematological and biochemistry test, and their necropsy findings were observed during the test. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | In this research, a toxicological test on water-soluble ginseng pharmacopuncture (WSGP) was carried out. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | On the day of injection (day 0), the general symptoms (toxicological effects, manifestation time, recovery time, etc. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | WSGP was made, and toxicity test was performed at 0.1-, 0.5-, and 1.0-mL doses of WSGP. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | Tissue from a liver in the intravenous single-dose toxicity study on the injection of WSGP in SD rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | Tissue from the brain in the intravenous single-dose toxicity study of WSGP in SD rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | Tissue from a kidney in the intravenous single-dose toxicity study of WSGP in SD rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects Kidney | Mechanism |
| 26998388 | Tissue from spinal nerves in the intravenous single-dose toxicity study of WSGP in SD rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Dec;18(4):38-44. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.036. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31871478 | A histological analysis was performed to determine the effect of KD5040 on MPTP neurotoxicity. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Nov 21;2019:3612587. doi: 10.1155/2019/3612587. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31871478 | High-dose KD5040 also led to cytotoxicity ( in the Supplementary Materials). | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019 Nov 21;2019:3612587. doi: 10.1155/2019/3612587. eCollection 2019. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 30899176 | It is simple in equipment, simple in operation, effectively avoids trauma to the body, with a good therapeutic effect and no toxic or side effects. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Mar;26(3):589-594. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.12.007. Epub 2018 Dec 6. | Toxic Side Effects Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 27852302 | reported the same effects in an endotoxic shock-related lung injury model in rabbits. | BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016 Nov 16;16(1):470. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1457-6. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 34646336 | Metabolic cardiomyopathy (MC) is characterized by the accumulation of TG and lipotoxic damage in the myocardium, which is a new cause of heart failure in obese patients. | Comput Math Methods Med. 2021 Oct 4;2021:6730274. doi: 10.1155/2021/6730274. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects Myocardium | Mechanism |
| 30106055 | Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and especially, inflammation play key roles in secondary injury after ICH (Keep et al., 2012; Zhou et al., 2014). | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Aug;13(8):1425-1432. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235298. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 37384285 | RTX, a TRPV1 agonist, leads to a sustained influx of sodium and calcium through the TRPV1 channel and leads to a loss of TRPV1-expressing DRG neurons or their fiber terminals through channel desensitization and calcium-induced cytotoxicity. | Front Neurol. 2023 Jun 13;14:1168012. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1168012. eCollection 2023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26064176 | Active microglia exerted a cytotoxic effect due to the secretion of ROS and the proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-1β and was responsible for painful behavior induced by inflammation and injury. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:848603. doi: 10.1155/2015/848603. Epub 2015 Apr 29. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26279808 | Investigations of AQP4-deficient (AQP4-/-) mice have revealed that AQP4 promotes cytotoxic edema but reduces vasogenic edema after brain injury. | J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14. Epub 2015 Jul 31. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26279808 | In AQP4-/- mice, acute brain injury after focal cerebral ischemia is attenuated as a result of reduced cytotoxic edema. | J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2015 Jul;58(1):14-21. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2015.58.1.14. Epub 2015 Jul 31. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25206919 | Modern studies have demonstrated that acupuncture and moxibustion at Baihui and Shenshu regulate acetylcholinesterase activity, elevate cortical excitability and cerebral blood flow, improve cerebral circulation, protect against free radical oxidation and neurotoxic injury, suppress inflammation and cell apoptosis, improve learning and memory functions, and effectively treat senile dementia (Mao et al., 2012; Luo et al., 2013). | Neural Regen Res. 2014 May 1;9(9):968-72. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.133148. | Toxic Side Effects Learning and Memory Ability Circulation Blood Flow | Mechanism |
| 34804173 | Caspase-9 is involved in the intrinsic mitochondria pathway, which is initiated by various stimuli such as hypoxia and cytotoxic agents, cellular distress, and DNA damage inside the cell. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021 Nov 12;2021:1418616. doi: 10.1155/2021/1418616. eCollection 2021. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25206816 | This study showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression was increased in the rat frontal lobe and ventral tegmental area of heroin relapse rats, and indicated that chronic toxic effects of heroin caused nerve cell injury, led to compensatory protection of the body, increased endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and repaired injured nerve cells. | Neural Regen Res. 2014 Feb 1;9(3):301-7. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128228. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28386185 | Modern research shows that cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury appears as calcium overload, brain edema, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28386185 | This phenomenon was induced by glutamate excitotoxicity, which aggravated the injury of ischemia reperfusion. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28386185 | Sodium and water retention were caused by cytotoxic cerebral edema. | Saudi J Biol Sci. 2017 Mar;24(3):595-602. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.01.031. Epub 2017 Jan 23. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 30028333 | The pathophysiology of SCI involves the primary injury and the subsequent secondary injury, which results from a progressive local cascade of tissue destruction, including the change in the microenvironment of the injured spinal cord (ischemia of the microcirculation, edema, inflammation, glutamatergic excitotoxicity) and apoptosis. | Neural Regen Res. 2018 Jul;13(7):1241-1246. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.235062. | Microcirculation Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 30105072 | Amyloid-β can have direct toxic effect on nerve cells and can also activate central nervous system microglia to release inflammatory mediators which trigger nerve cell injury signaling pathways, leading to neuronal damage. | Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2018 Jul 12;2018:8296824. doi: 10.1155/2018/8296824. eCollection 2018. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 28761425 | The pathological and physiological mechanism underlying cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is now thought to be associated with an injury cascade that includes several sub-mechanisms, such as excitatory toxicity (Lewerenz and Maher, 2015), peripheral depolarization, inflammation (Cuenca-López et al., 2010; Mozaffarian et al., 2015), lipid peroxide reaction caused by oxidative stress (Ying and Xiong, 2010), and programmed cell death. | Neural Regen Res. 2017 Jun;12(6):925-930. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.208574. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25624811 | It is virtually absent from intact brain tissue, but its expression increases strongly after trauma, excitotoxic lesioning1 and ischemia-reperfusion injury. | Neural Regen Res. 2012 Aug 25;7(24):1859-65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.24.003. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 25624811 | Transforming growth factor-beta 1 induction has been associated with several anti-inflammatory effects including decreased neuronal susceptibility to glutamate excitotoxicity, macrophage deactivation and astrocytic brain-derived neurotrophic factor induction. | Neural Regen Res. 2012 Aug 25;7(24):1859-65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.24.003. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | Single-dose Intramuscular-injection Toxicology Test of Water-soluble Carthami-flos and Cervi cornu parvum Pharmacopuncture in a Rat Model | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | The aim of the study is to investigate both the single-dose intramuscular injection toxicity and the approximate lethal dose of water-soluble Carthami-flos and Cervi cornu parvum pharmacopuncture (WCFC) in male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | according to the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulation and the toxicity test guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) after approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | The results of this single-dose toxicity study show that WCFC is safe, its lethal doses in male and female SD rats being estimated to be higher than 0.5 mL/animal. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | On the bases of single intramuscular- dose toxicity tests and single intravenous-dose toxicity tests, WCF was reported to be safe when injected into the body intramuscularly or intravenously. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | Now, a toxicity study of WCFC is necessary. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | For that reason, we performed a single-dose intramuscular-injection toxicity study to evaluate the safety of WCFC and to estimate its approximate lethal dose. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | The tests were performed according to Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulation and toxicity test guidelines of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | General clinical sign, such as types of toxicity, onset time, recovery time, etc., and deaths were observed 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after the first injection on the day of the first injection (day 0). | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | No toxicological importance was found because the slight changes in the AST level in the female rat in the low dosage (0.125 mL/animal) group were sporadically observed with no dose dependence (AST in female group: 96.2 ± 23.7 U/L in the low dose (0.125 mL/animal) group vs. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | No mortalities or abnormal findings in body weights, clinical symptoms, and hematology and serum chemistry data were observed in this single-dose intramuscular-injection toxicology test. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | However, we speculate that those abnormalities have no toxicological meaning because they were spontaneous and sporadic and showed no dose dependence. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | Therefore, based on the results of this toxicity study, we conclude that WCFC is safe. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | However, additional safety studies or toxicological tests, such as 4-week, repeated toxicity tests and so on, as well as efficacy studies, are needed. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 26392912 | The results of this single-dose toxicity study show that WCFC is safe because the lethal doses of WCFC in male and female SD rats were estimated to be higher than 0.5 mL/animal. | J Pharmacopuncture. 2015 Sep;18(3):42-8. doi: 10.3831/KPI.2015.18.023. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |
| 31835339 | However, in some NAFLD patients, the accumulation of lipids is not toxic to liver cells, a paradoxical effect that is believed to be related to the type of lipid itself. | Metabolites. 2019 Dec 9;9(12):299. doi: 10.3390/metabo9120299. | Toxic Side Effects | Mechanism |